背景：胆囊腺癌是胆道最常见的恶性肿瘤。大多数胆囊癌仅在手术标本的病理检查后偶然发现。本研究旨在调查我中心偶然发现的胆囊癌的特点，并回顾有关胆囊中该类肿瘤的诊断和治疗的当前文献。 方法：在研究期间（2010-2016年），我们回顾了与Shiraz大学医学系有关医院病理学部存档中的所有胆囊切除标本。患者的临床数据从患者的临床记录，包括症状、影像学检查结果、实验室数据、手术过程和结局中提取。 结果：在这7年中，我们在4800多个胆囊切除标本中检测到了18例偶然发现的胆囊癌，其中13例女性和5例男性，年龄在32-85岁（平均62.5±14.2岁）。在这段时间内，仅有两名患者因胆囊腺癌而接受手术，但未列入研究。10例为T1，8例为T2。随访1-7年，期间T2的6例死亡，而所有T1的案例都存活且无症状。 结论：通过增加我中心的腹腔镜胆囊切除术，我们观察到了0.37％的偶然胆囊腺癌病例。在早期阶段预先诊断此癌症非常困难，需高度怀疑。预后的最重要的预测因子是手术时癌症的阶段。据我们所知，这是伊朗首次报道偶然发现的胆囊癌。

BACKGROUND Gallbladder adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract. Most of gall bladder cancers are detected incidentally only after pathological examination of the surgical specimens. In this study we investigated the characteristics of incidental gallbladder cancers in our center and also reviewed the current literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of such incidentally detected tumors in the gall bladder. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all of the cholecystectomy specimens in the archives of Pathology Department in the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in the study period (2010-2016). Clinicopathological characteristics were extracted from the patients' clinical charts, which included symptoms, radiological findings, laboratory data, and surgical procedures as well as outcome. RESULTS During these 7 years we identified 18 cases of incidental gall bladder cancer, consisted of 13 women and 5 men with the age range of 32 to 85 (62.5 ± 14.2) years detected after pathological study of the resected gall bladders among more than 4800 resected gall bladders. During the period, only two patients were operated on with the impression of gall bladder adenocarcinoma, which was not included in the study. Ten cases were T1 and eight were T2 at the time of surgery. They have been followed up for 1-7 years, during which, six cases of T2 died. All of the T1 cases are alive and symptom free. CONCLUSION By increasing laparoscopic cholecystectomies in our center we observed 0.37% incidental cases of gall bladder adenocarcinoma. Preoperative diagnosis of this cancer in early stages is very difficult and needs high degree of suspicion. The most important predictor of prognosis is the stage of the cancer at the time of surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of incidental gall bladder cancer from Iran.