激素避孕药是20世纪最重要的健康和经济发展之一，提供了前所未有的生育控制和一系列有益健康效果，包括减少经前期症状和对多种癌症的保护。激素避孕药可以调节神经功能和压力反应，这些变化通常是无害的，甚至是有益的，包括它们对情绪的影响。然而，在约4-10%的使用者中，或在任何时候高达3000万人，激素避孕药会引发抑郁或焦虑症状。激素避孕药如何导致这些反应以及谁受到不良结果的风险仍然未知。在本文中，我们讨论了激素避孕药在人类中的使用研究，并描述了用于扩展发现并了解激素避孕药影响大脑、应激反应和抑郁风险的精确机制的实验动物模型将是一个必不可少的工具。版权所有©2022 Elsevier Inc.。保留所有权利。

Hormonal contraceptives are among the most important health and economic developments in the 20thCentury, providing unprecedented reproductive control and a range of health benefits including decreased premenstrual symptoms and protections against various cancers. Hormonal contraceptives modulate neural function and stress responsivity. These changes are usually innocuous or even beneficial, including their effects onmood. However, in approximately 4-10% of users, or up to 30 million people at any given time, hormonal contraceptives trigger depression or anxiety symptoms. How hormonal contraceptives contribute to these responses and who is at risk for adverse outcomes remain unknown. In this paper, we discussstudies of hormonal contraceptive use in humans and describe the ways in which laboratory animal models of contraceptive hormone exposure will be an essential tool for expanding findings to understand the precise mechanisms by which hormonal contraceptives influence the brain, stress responses, and depression risk.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.