癌细胞嵌入组织内，在癌症进展期间与其成分动态互动。了解肿瘤微环境中细胞成分的贡献对于治疗方案的成功至关重要。本文揭示了肿瘤微环境内GFAP+/Plp1+细胞的周血管存在。通过体内诱导Cre/loxP介导系统，我们证明了这些细胞来源于组织内的舒万氏细胞。去除内源性舒万氏细胞会减缓肿瘤生长和血管生成。特异性舒万氏细胞消耗还通过增加肿瘤浸润的抗肿瘤淋巴细胞、减少免疫抑制细胞，诱导了免疫监视的提升。在人类方面，一项肿瘤活检的回溯性计算机分析表明，黑色素瘤中舒万氏细胞相关基因的表达增加与生存改善有关。总的来说，我们的研究表明，舒万氏细胞调节肿瘤进展，表明舒万氏细胞的操纵可能为改善癌症患者的预后提供有价值的工具。©2022作者，独家许可Springer Nature B.V.

Cancer cells are embedded within the tissue and interact dynamically with its components during cancer progression. Understanding the contribution of cellular components within the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the success of therapeutic applications. Here, we reveal the presence of perivascular GFAP+/Plp1+ cells within the tumor microenvironment. Using in vivo inducible Cre/loxP mediated systems, we demonstrated that these cells derive from tissue-resident Schwann cells. Genetic ablation of endogenous Schwann cells slowed down tumor growth and angiogenesis. Schwann cell-specific depletion also induced a boost in the immune surveillance by increasing tumor-infiltrating anti-tumor lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressor cells. In humans, a retrospective in silico analysis of tumor biopsies revealed that increased expression of Schwann cell-related genes within melanoma was associated with improved survival. Collectively, our study suggests that Schwann cells regulate tumor progression, indicating that manipulation of Schwann cells may provide a valuable tool to improve cancer patients' outcomes.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.