周围神经系统（PNS）赋予动物感知和响应动态世界的非凡能力。新出现的证据显示，PNS还通过将局部变化与有机体和环境变化相结合，参与组织稳态和修复。在这里，我们提供了对周围神经在稳态条件下和对损伤和压力的响应中，调节干细胞行为和免疫反应的不同角色的深入总结，重点关注皮肤和造血系统。这些示例展示了阐明神经干细胞和神经免疫细胞相互作用提供了一个概念框架，将组织生物学和局部免疫与系统身体变化相连接以满足各种需求。它们还展示了这些相互作用的变化如何表现为压力、衰老、癌症和炎症，并展示了如何利用这些发现来指导新疗法的发展。

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) endows animals with the remarkable ability to sense and respond to a dynamic world. Emerging evidence shows the PNS also participates in tissue homeostasis and repair by integrating local changes with organismal and environmental changes. Here, we provide an in-depth summary of findings delineating the diverse roles of peripheral nerves in modulating stem cell behaviors and immune responses under steady-state conditions and in response to injury and duress, with a specific focus on the skin and the hematopoietic system. These examples showcase how elucidating neuro-stem cell and neuro-immune cell interactions provides a conceptual framework that connects tissue biology and local immunity with systemic bodily changes to meet varying demands. They also demonstrate how changes in these interactions can manifest in stress, aging, cancer, and inflammation, as well as how these findings can be harnessed to guide the development of new therapeutics.