白血病是儿童中最普遍的癌症，也是影响成年人最常见和最致命的癌症之一。已经发现了几种金属氧化物纳米颗粒、生物聚合物和植物化学物质，它们可以有选择性地攻击癌细胞，同时对健康细胞造成低至没有伤害。在现有的纳米颗粒合成方法中，使用植物化学物质生物合成的纳米颗粒已经成为一种简单、经济、环保的策略。本研究调查了ZnO-TiO2-壳聚糖-芳樟醇纳米复合材料（NCs）对白血病MOLT-4细胞的协同抗肿瘤潜力。在合成NCs后，通过XRD、DLS、FESEM、TEM、PL、EDX和FTIR光谱对其进行了表征。为了分析其抗癌活性，对MOLT-4细胞进行了培养并以多种剂量处理NCs。通过MTT测定细胞在治疗后的存活率。使用双重染色观察了形态和核修改。DCFH-DA染色和Rh-123染料分别观察了ROS和MMP的水平。此外，通过ELISA检测caspase 3、8和9的水平。XRD图案显示NCs的六角结构。在DLS光谱中，观察到NCs的水动力直径为126.2nm。FTIR光谱证实了ZnO-TiO2-壳聚糖-芳樟醇NCs之间的静电界面。在剂量依赖性趋势中显著降低的细胞存活率证实了NCs的细胞毒性作用。提高的ROS水平和MMP耗尽暗示凋亡相关的细胞死亡通过内在途径，这被升高的caspase 3、8和9标记表达所证实。因此，结果表明，合成的NCs对白血病细胞具有明显的抗癌潜力，并且在癌症治疗中可能非常有价值。这项研究的结果表明，这是一种修改ZnO-TiO2-壳聚糖-芳樟醇复合材料的物理化学特性以提高其性能并在人类白血病癌细胞中协同表现抗癌特性的新方法。 Copyright © 2022 Abozer Y. Elderdery 等。

Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer in children and one of the most common and deadly cancers that affect adults. Several metal oxide nanoparticles, biopolymers, and phytochemicals have been discovered to target cancer cells selectively while inflicting low to no damage to healthy cells. Among the existing nanoparticle synthesis methodologies, biologically synthesized nanoparticles using phytochemicals have emerged as a straightforward, economical, and environmentally sound strategy. The synergistic antitumor potential of ZnO-TiO2-chitosan-farnesol nanocomposites (NCs) against leukemia MOLT-4 cells was investigated in the current study. After synthesizing the NCs, characterization of the same was carried out using XRD, DLS, FESEM, TEM, PL, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy. To analyze its anticancer activity, MOLT-4 cells were cultured and treated at diverse dosages of NCs. The cell viability upon treatment was examined by MTT assay. The morphological and nuclear modifications were observed by dual staining. ROS and MMP levels were observed by DCFH-DA staining and Rh-123 dye, respectively. Furthermore, the caspase 3, 8, and 9 levels were examined by performing ELISA. The XRD patterns exhibited a hexagonal structure of the NCs. In the DLS spectrum, the hydrodynamic diameter of the NCs was observed to be 126.2 nm. The electrostatic interface between the ZnO-TiO2-chitosan-farnesol NCs was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. A significant loss of cell viability in a dosage-dependent trend confirmed the cytotoxic effect of the NCs. An elevated ROS level and MMP depletion suggested apoptosis-associated cell death via the intrinsic pathway, which was confirmed by elevated expressions of caspase 3, 8, and 9 markers. Thus, the results showed that the synthesized NCs demonstrated a remarkable anticancer potential against leukemic cells and can be potentially valuable in cancer treatments. The findings from this study conclude that this is a new approach for modifying the physicochemical characteristics of ZnO-TiO2-chitosan-farnesol composites to increase their properties and synergistically exhibit anticancer properties in human leukemic cancer cells.Copyright © 2022 Abozer Y. Elderdery et al.