肿瘤早期非侵入性生物标志物发现的策略是迫切需要的。细胞外囊泡(EVs)由于其独特的生物学特性和非侵入性特性，引起了科学界越来越多的关注和密集的调查。EVs是膜包裹的囊泡，具有可变的大小和功能。这些囊泡从多种细胞类型中被积极分泌，被认为是细胞间通讯和信号传递的关键媒介。EVs的稳定性和容易穿过生物屏障的潜力，使其能够对靶细胞产生持久的影响。这些加上易于接近这些囊泡、在肿瘤发生的各个阶段持续分泌以及它们的内容提供分子库以及反映细胞起源的特性，使EVs成为在癌症诊断和治疗以及监测靶向癌症治疗中被评估为液体活检方法和有前途的生物标志物来源的优点。早期检测EVs将指导定时个性化治疗。调查可靠和敏感的方法以从生物体液中快速分离EVs、分离囊泡的纯度以及它们的分子分析和标志物的规定，以便在癌症患者的临床转化中实现液体活检的诊断是目前该领域的问题和热点的多种稳健性研究。本文的重点是关于EV分离和分层的方法以挖掘更多关于液体活检诊断的信息。扩展关于EVs的策略的知识是验证癌症诊断早期患者的独立随访和检查治疗的有效性的关键。

Strategies for non-invasive biomarker discovery in early detection of cancer are an urgent need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have generated increasing attention from the scientific community and are under intensive investigations due to their unique biological profiles and their non-invasive nature. EVs are membrane-enclosed vesicles with variable sizes and function. Such vesicles are actively secreted from multiple cell types and are considered as key vehicles for inter-cellular communications and signalling. The stability and potential to easily cross biological barriers enable EVs for exerting durable effects on target cells. These along with easy access to such vesicles, the consistent secretion from tumour during all stages of tumorigenesis and their content providing a reservoir of molecules as well as mirroring the identity of the cell of origin are virtues that have made EVs appealing to be assessed in liquid biopsy approaches and for using as a promising resource of biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and therapy and monitoring targeted cancer therapy. Early detection of EVs will guide time-scheduled personalised therapy. Surveying reliable and sensitive methods for rapid isolation of EVs from biofluids, the purity of isolated vesicles and their molecular profiling and marker specification for clinical translation in patients with cancer are issues in the area and the hot topics of many recent studies. Here, the focus is over methods for EV isolation and stratification for digging more information about liquid biopsy-based diagnosis. Extending knowledge regarding EV-based strategies is a key to validate independent patient follow-up for cancer diagnosis at early stages and inspecting the efficacy of therapeutics.