限制癌细胞利用限制营养物质的代谢以压制其生长，是一种有前途的抗癌疗法。最近的研究表明，降低氨基酸（AA）的可用性对抗肿瘤具有抗肿瘤作用，从而开辟了一个令人兴奋且迅速增长的研究领域。尽管细胞内合成通常可以为支持癌细胞所需的AA提供必要的条件，但饮食和肿瘤微环境也可以是重要的来源。事实上，在体外和动物肿瘤模型中进行的研究已经支持了限制外源AAs来源的抗癌潜力。然而，在癌症患者中减少AA摄入的潜在益处需要进一步研究。此外，即使被证明有用，实施这种方法在临床上也可能具有挑战性。在本文中，我们（1）总结了临床前研究，说明限制外源可用AAs，包括通过减少膳食蛋白质，对抗肿瘤的作用，（2）考虑了微生物在这一过程中的作用，（3）报告了癌症患者蛋白质摄入的当前建议和应用这些指南的研究，以及（4）提出了研究的考虑，以测试减少蛋白质/AA摄入对患有癌症患者的潜在治疗效益。版权所有©2022 Elsevier Inc.。保留所有权利。

Limiting nutrient utilization by cancer cells in order to disrupt their metabolism and suppress their growth represents a promising approach for anti-cancer therapy. Recently, studies demonstrating the anti-neoplastic effects of lowering amino acid (AA) availability have opened up an exciting and quickly growing field of study. Although intracellular synthesis can often provide the AAs necessary to support cancer cells, diet and the tumor microenvironment can also be important sources. In fact, studies carried out in vitro and in animal tumor models have supported the anti-cancer potential of restricting exogenous sources of AAs. However the potential benefit of reducing AA intake in cancer patients requires further investigation. Furthermore, implementation of such an approach clinically, even if proven useful, could be challenging. In the enclosed review, we (1) summarize the pre-clinical studies showing the anti-tumorigenic effects of restricting exogenously available AAs, including through reducing dietary protein, (2) consider the role of microbiota in this process, (3) report on current recommendations for protein intake in cancer patients and studies that applied these guidelines, and (4) propose considerations for studies to test the potential therapeutic benefit of reducing protein/AA consumption in patients with cancer.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.