正在调查大量促进自噬的膳食干预措施，以了解它们对癌症预防或治疗的潜在影响。这包括不同的禁食方案、甲硫氨酸限制和生酮饮食。此外，特定微量营养成分（如烟酰胺（B3维生素）或精胺）的补充也会促进自噬。在人类中，瘦身、以植物为主的饮食（可能会导致部分甲硫氨酸限制）和高摄入精胺的饮食与低癌症发病率有关。此外，临床试验已经证明烟酰胺可以预防非黑色素皮肤癌的发生。多个干预试验正在评估自噬诱导方案提高化疗和免疫疗法效果的能力。在这里，我们讨论了营养干预诱导自噬的机制，以及自噬诱导如何提高恶性或免疫细胞的抗癌免疫监视的机制。Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Numerous pro-autophagic dietary interventions are being investigated for their potential cancer-preventive or therapeutic effects. This applies to different fasting regimens, methionine restriction and ketogenic diets. In addition, the supplementation of specific micronutrients such as nicotinamide (vitamin B3) or spermidine induces autophagy. In humans, leanness, plant-based diets (that may lead to partial methionine restriction) and high dietary uptake of spermidine are associated with a low incidence of cancers. Moreover, clinical trials have demonstrated the capacity of nicotinamide to prevent non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis. Multiple interventional trials are evaluating the capacity of autophagy-inducing regimens to improve the outcome of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of autophagy induction by nutritional interventions, as well as the mechanisms through which autophagy induction in malignant or immune cells improves anticancer immunosurveillance.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.