传统的癌症治疗方法例如化疗，由于其非特异性往往会对非肿瘤组织造成损伤。在过去的几十年里，纳米医学研究人员着眼于该挑战，通过研发纳米级载药平台来更精确地释放药物。细胞膜包覆纳米颗粒（CNPs）是一种新兴的纳米载体，已经在生物医学应用中表现出非常大的潜力。它由一个合成的纳米颗粒核心和一个天然细胞膜的层级构成，具有在复杂的生物环境中操作的能力；根据所使用的细胞膜类型，最终的仿生纳米制剂具有源细胞通常具备的多种特性，包括更好的生物相容性、免疫逃逸和肿瘤靶向能力。与传统的功能化方法相比，细胞膜包覆提供了一种简化的方法来创造多功能和多抗原的纳米颗粒。在本文中，我们讨论了CNPs的历史和发展以及这些平台在癌症治疗方面的应用。详细描述了CNPs在药物递送、光疗和免疫疗法方面的应用。目前正在进行转化性的工作，并且还需要进一步研究以解决关键领域的需求，以促进CNPs的成功临床应用。 ©2022 Springer Nature Limited。

Traditional cancer therapeutics, such as chemotherapies, are often limited by their non-specific nature, causing harm to non-malignant tissues. Over the past several decades, nanomedicine researchers have sought to address this challenge by developing nanoscale platforms capable of more precisely delivering drug payloads. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CNPs) are an emerging class of nanocarriers that have demonstrated considerable promise for biomedical applications. Consisting of a synthetic nanoparticulate core camouflaged by a layer of naturally derived cell membranes, CNPs are adept at operating within complex biological environments; depending on the type of cell membrane utilized, the resulting biomimetic nanoformulation is conferred with several properties typically associated with the source cell, including improved biocompatibility, immune evasion and tumour targeting. In comparison with traditional functionalization approaches, cell membrane coating provides a streamlined method for creating multifunctional and multi-antigenic nanoparticles. In this Review, we discuss the history and development of CNPs as well as how these platforms have been used for cancer therapy. The application of CNPs for drug delivery, phototherapy and immunotherapy will be described in detail. Translational efforts are currently under way and further research to address key areas of need will ultimately be required to facilitate the successful clinical adoption of CNPs.© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.