在最近完成的临床试验和新的见解的背景下，总结高级别和低级别胶质母细胞瘤各种免疫治疗方法的原则。尽管针对T细胞检查点程序性死亡1和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4的治疗在其他恶性疾病中取得了广泛的成功，但最近在胶质母细胞瘤的III期试验中证实，超过90％的患者抗程序性死亡1单药治疗缺乏功效。疫苗接种方法仍在高级别胶质母细胞瘤中进行研究，并在一些低级别胶质母细胞瘤患者中显示出活性。嵌合抗原受体T细胞现在具有新一代产品，经过工程改造，有可能耐受糖皮质激素治疗。溶瘤病毒疗法的复杂性也得到了类似的进展，具有药物敏感的基因表达和肿瘤选择性修饰。疗法组合有望克服胶质母细胞瘤中的多种免疫抑制机制。虽然免疫疗法尚未显示出与其他恶性疾病相比的功效率，但免疫学和组合疗法的新知识为未来改善功效带来了希望。版权所有©2022 Wolters Kluwer Health，Inc. 保留所有权利。

Summarize principles behind various immunotherapy approaches for high and low-grade glioma in the context of recently completed clinical trials and the new insights they provide.Despite the widespread success of therapies targeting the T-cell checkpoints programmed-death 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 in other malignancies, recent phase III trials in glioblastoma confirm the lack of efficacy of anti-programmed-death 1 monotherapy in more than 90% of patients. Vaccination approaches remain under investigation for high-grade glioma and have shown activity in some low-grade glioma patients. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells now feature a new generation of products engineered to potentially withstand glucocorticoid therapy. Oncolytic viral therapies have similarly advanced in sophistication, with drug-sensitive gene expression and tumor-selective modifications. Combinations of therapies hold promise for overcoming the numerous mechanisms of immune suppression in glioma.Although immunotherapies have yet to show rates of efficacy compared with other malignancies, new knowledge of immunology and combination therapies brings hope for improved efficacy in the future.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.