葡萄糖、氨基酸和脂类等营养素是所有生物维持细胞基本过程和稳态的重要来源。营养感知激酶机械靶向雷帕霉素(mTOR)和AMP激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)在许多细胞类型中表达，并发挥着对细胞生长、增殖、分化、代谢和存活的控制关键作用，最终有助于各个器官的生理发育和功能，包括肾脏。这些激酶的失调导致许多人类健康问题，包括癌症、神经退行性疾病、代谢紊乱和肾脏疾病。在肾脏中，必须维持生理水平的mTOR和AMPK活性，才能支持肾细胞的生长和分化，并维持肾细胞完整性和正常的肾小球功能，包括电解质、水和葡萄糖的转运。mTOR形成两个功能性的多蛋白激酶复合物，mTOR复合物1(mTORC1)和mTOR复合物2(mTORC2)。mTORC1的过度激活导致肾小球细胞和管状细胞功能障碍和易受损伤，从而有助于慢性肾脏疾病的发展，包括糖尿病肾病、肥胖相关肾病和多囊肾病。新出现的证据表明，瞄准mTOR和（或）AMPK可能是控制或预防这些疾病的有效治疗方法。©2022 Springer Nature Limited.

Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and lipids are fundamental sources for the maintenance of essential cellular processes and homeostasis in all organisms. The nutrient-sensing kinases mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are expressed in many cell types and have key roles in the control of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and survival, ultimately contributing to the physiological development and functions of various organs, including the kidney. Dysregulation of these kinases leads to many human health problems, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and kidney diseases. In the kidney, physiological levels of mTOR and AMPK activity are required to support kidney cell growth and differentiation and to maintain kidney cell integrity and normal nephron function, including transport of electrolytes, water and glucose. mTOR forms two functional multi-protein kinase complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Hyperactivation of mTORC1 leads to podocyte and tubular cell dysfunction and vulnerability to injury, thereby contributing to the development of chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, obesity-related kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting mTOR and/or AMPK could be an effective therapeutic approach to controlling or preventing these diseases.© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.