多形核中性粒细胞不再被视为一种属于先天免疫系统的同质细胞种群，它们是终末分化的、寿命短暂的细胞。实际上，过去几十年的数据揭示出中性粒细胞表现出大的表型异质性和功能多样性，使它们比以前的想象更加可塑。因此，它们在炎症、免疫反应和其他病理生理过程中，包括肿瘤方面的作用需要更好地评估。在这样一个复杂的情况下，中性粒细胞在骨髓中分化的共同认识是从仍然不太明确的髓母细胞起始，依次递进为原粒细胞、髓细胞、中晚幼粒细胞、带状核粒细胞、分叶中性粒细胞和成熟中性粒细胞，每个细胞祖先阶段都更加成熟和更好地表现。由于先进技术的发展和利用，有关骨髓中性粒细胞前体的新信息在前原细胞阶段之前，即更接近造血干细胞的阶段正在出现。因此，本文讨论了人类中性粒细胞非常早期前体的主要发现，并提供了我们对人类中性粒细胞生成的见解。©2022 John Wiley＆Sons A / S。John Wiley＆Sons Ltd.发表。

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are no longer considered as a homogeneous population of terminally differentiated and short-lived cells that belong to the innate immune system only. In fact, data from the past decades have uncovered that neutrophils exhibit large phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility that render them more plastic than previously thought. Hence, their precise role as effector cells in inflammation, in immune response and in other pathophysiological processes, including tumors, needs to be better evaluated. In such a complex scenario, common knowledge of the differentiation of neutrophils in bone marrow refers to lineage precursors, starting from the still poorly defined myeloblasts, and proceeding sequentially to promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells, segmented neutrophils, and mature neutrophils, with each progenitor stage being more mature and better characterized. Thanks to the development and utilization of cutting-edge technologies, novel information about neutrophil precursors at stages earlier than the promyelocytes, hence closer to the hematopoietic stem cells, is emerging. Accordingly, this review discusses the main findings related to the very early precursors of human neutrophils and provides our perspectives on human neutropoiesis.© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.