非黑色素皮肤癌（NMSCs）是全球最常见的皮肤癌形式。2029年估计有240万例诊断为皮肤鳞状细胞癌（CSCC），全球发病率正在上升。慢性暴露于紫外线（UV）辐射是发展CSCC的主要风险因素。大多数早期CSCC可以通过手术或放射治疗成功治疗；然而，局部晚期或转移性疾病可能与显著的发病率或死亡率相关。最近，免疫治疗的引入彻底改变了先进CSCC的治疗范式，可实现约50％的响应率，具有持久的癌症控制和显着的生命质量改善。自2018年以来，随着程序性死亡-1（PD-1）靶向药物的监管批准，免疫治疗现已被认为是先进或转移性CSCC一线系统治疗的标准。 © 2022年。作者（们）独家许可Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common form of skin cancer worldwide. The global incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is rising, with an estimated 2.4 million cases diagnosed in 2019. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major risk factor for developing CSCC. Most early-stage CSCCs are treated successfully with surgery or radiotherapy; however, locally advanced or metastatic disease can be associated with significant morbidity or mortality. Recently, the treatment paradigm for advanced CSCC has been revolutionised by the introduction of immunotherapy, which can achieve a response rate of approximately 50% with durable cancer control, and significant improvement in quality of life. With the regulatory approval of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-targeting drugs since 2018, immunotherapy is now recognised as the standard of care for first-line systemic therapy in advanced or metastatic CSCC.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.