纤维调节素（FMOD）是II类小型亮氨酸富含蛋白聚糖家族的原型成员，通过直接结合胶原和赖氨酸氧化酶等细胞外基质结构成分，通过多价相互作用调节胶原的交联、包装、组装和纤维架构。与此同时，作为多能分子，FMOD作为各种细胞因子和生长因子的配体，特别是属于转化生长因子（TGF）β超家族的配体，与涉及细胞粘附、扩展、增殖、迁移、侵袭、分化和转移的相应信号分子相互作用。因此，FMOD表现出促移行、促血管生成、抗炎和抗纤维化特性，并在细胞命运确定和成熟、祖细胞招募及组织再生方面发挥重要作用。因此，FMOD的多功能性使其成为广泛疾病治疗的有前途的治疗剂，其中包括但不限于关节炎、颞下颌关节紊乱、龋齿和不同器官的纤维化疾病，同时也是皮肤、肌肉和腱损伤再生医学候选人。此外，FMOD还被认为是肿瘤诊断和预后预测的标记，并且是癌症治疗的潜在靶点。此外，FMOD本身足以使体细胞重编程为多能状态，为各种组织重建创造了安全、高效的细胞来源，从而为再生医学开辟了新途径。本综述主要关注最近的临床前研究，将FMOD研究和治疗推向前沿。此外，还讨论了FMOD功能机制的当代理解，特别是其与TGFβ超家族成员的相互作用，以帮助发现新的基于FMOD的治疗方法。

Fibromodulin (FMOD) is an archetypal member of the class II small leucine-rich proteoglycan family. By directly binding to extracellular matrix structural components, such as collagen and lysyl oxidase, FMOD regulates collagen cross-linking, packing, assembly, and fibril architecture via a multivalent interaction. Meanwhile, as a pluripotent molecule, FMOD acts as a ligand of various cytokines and growth factors, especially those belonging to the transforming growth factor (TGF) β superfamily, by interacting with the corresponding signaling molecules involved in cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, migration, invasion, differentiation, and metastasis. Consequently, FMOD exhibits promigratory, proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrogenic properties and plays essential roles in cell fate determination and maturation, progenitor cell recruitment, and tissue regeneration. The multifunctional nature of FMOD thus enables it to be a promising therapeutic agent for a broad repertoire of diseases, including but not limited to arthritis, temporomandibular joint disorders, caries, and fibrotic diseases among different organs, as well as to be a regenerative medicine candidate for skin, muscle, and tendon injuries. Moreover, FMOD is also considered a marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis prediction and a potential target for cancer treatment. Furthermore, FMOD itself is sufficient to reprogram somatic cells into a multipotent state, creating a safe and efficient cell source for various tissue reconstructions and thus opening a new avenue for regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the recent preclinical efforts bringing FMOD research and therapies to the forefront. In addition, a contemporary understanding of the mechanism underlying FMOD's function, particularly its interaction with TGFβ superfamily members, is also discussed at the molecular level to aid the discovery of novel FMOD-based treatments.