前列腺癌（PrCa）家族史（FH）与PrCa诊断的增加可能性有关。关于家族性PrCa和PrCa患者的临床结果存在相互矛盾的证据，包括全因死亡率/总体生存率（OS），PrCa特异性生存率（PCSS），侵袭性组织学和诊断阶段。为了确定受影响亲属数量、程度和年龄与已经被诊断为PrCa患者的OS和PCSS之间的关系。英国遗传性前列腺癌研究是一项纵向、多机构、观察性研究，自1992年以来收集基线和随访临床数据。我们根据前列腺和遗传相关癌症（乳腺、卵巢和结肠直肠）的亲属数量和程度，研究了16340名男性的OS和PCSS。主要结果是PrCa患者的全因死亡率。根据Cox比例风险回归模型计算危险比，对FH的死亡风险进行了调整。强FH与全因和PrCa特异性死亡风险呈负相关。在诊断亲属数量递增（p趋势<0.001）和亲属关系递增（p趋势<0.001）的患者中，这种关联更强。具有至少一个一级亲属的患者的全因死亡率风险低于没有FH的患者（危险比=0.82[95%置信区间0.75-0.89]）。该人群主要是欧洲血统，这可能会影响代表性和泛化。关于死亡的流行病学风险因素，如吸烟和合并症的数据缺失。对家庭成员的诊断回忆可能会影响未经确认的情况下FH的分类。根据亲属癌症的类型和时机调查，减少死亡是由于更好的疾病认知。该研究为指导患者和亲属基于他们的家族风险的临床医生提供了信息。它表明，筛查和意识程序的重要性，可能会提高FH男性生存率。我们感兴趣的是前列腺癌家族史如何影响前列腺癌患者的生存率。我们研究了16340名患者，按其家族史的强度对其进行分类，并发现其家族史越强，他们的生存率越好。我们比较了患者诊断的类型和时机与其亲属的情况，发现这种影响可能是因为有更好的认知，这表明筛查和意识程序的重要性。版权所有©2022年作者。Elsevier B.V.出版。保留所有权利。

A family history (FH) of prostate cancer (PrCa) is associated with an increased likelihood of PrCa diagnosis. Conflicting evidence exists regarding familial PrCa and clinical outcomes among PrCa patients, including all-cause mortality/overall survival (OS), PrCa-specific survival (PCSS), aggressive histology, and stage at diagnosis.To determine how the number, degree, and age of a PrCa patient's affected relatives are associated with OS and PCSS of those already diagnosed with PrCa.The UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study is a longitudinal, multi-institutional, observational study collecting baseline and follow-up clinical data since 1992. We examined OS and PCSS in 16340 men by degree and number of relatives with prostate and genetically related cancers (breast, ovarian, and colorectal).The primary outcome was all-cause mortality among PrCa patients. The risk of death with respect to FH was assessed by calculating hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusting for relevant factors.A stronger FH was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and PrCa-specific mortality. This association was greater in those with an increasing number (p-trend < 0.001) and increasing closeness (p-trend < 0.001) of the diagnosed relatives. Patients with at least one first-degree relative were at a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those with no FH (hazard ratio = 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.75-0.89]). The population is largely of European ancestry, and this may cause an issue with representation and generalisation. Data are missing on epidemiological risk factors for death such as smoking and on comorbidities. Recall of family members' diagnoses may affect the classification of FH in unconfirmed cases.Based on the investigation of the type and timing of relatives' cancers, it is likely that reductions in mortality are due almost completely to a greater awareness of the disease. This study provides information for clinicians guiding patients and their relatives based on their familial risk. It shows the importance of screening and awareness programmes, which are likely to improve survival among men with an FH.We were interested in how a family history of prostate cancer affects survival in prostate cancer patients. We studied 16340 patients, categorised them according to the strength of their family history, and found that the stronger their family history, the better they did in terms of overall survival. We looked at the type and timing of patients' diagnoses compared with those of their relatives and found that this effect is likely to be explained by awareness, which indicates the importance of screening and awareness programmes.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.