生物信息学和纳米技术的最新发展为个性化癌症疫苗的开发提供了巨大机遇。然而，新抗原的及时鉴定和治疗性癌症疫苗疗效不佳仍然是临床转化的两个障碍。我们提出了一个“先导和增强”策略来促进基于新抗原的免疫疗法。为了先导免疫系统，我们首先构建了个性化的脂质体，用癌细胞膜和佐剂R848提供免疫刺激效果和识别肿瘤抗原的时间。用个性化新肽和佐剂负载的脂质体来增强免疫反应。体外实验验证了强烈的免疫反应，包括巨噬细胞极化、树突状细胞成熟和T淋巴细胞活化。在体内B16F10和TC-1癌症模型被用来研究有效的肿瘤生长抑制。用新肽脂质体疫苗可以刺激体外人类树突状细胞和T淋巴细胞。这些结果表明，“先导和增强”策略提供了简单、快速、高效的个性化癌症疫苗治疗。版权所有 © 2022 Elsevier公司发表。

Recent advances in bioinformatics and nanotechnology offer great opportunities for personalized cancer vaccine development. However, the timely identification of neoantigens and unsatisfactory efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines remain two obstacles for clinical transformation. We propose a "prime and boost" strategy to facilitate neoantigen-based immunotherapy. To prime the immune system, we first constructed personalized liposomes with cancer cell membranes and adjuvant R848 to provide immunostimulatory efficacy and time for identifying tumor antigens. Liposomes loaded with personalized neopeptides and adjuvants were used to boost the immune response. In vitro experiments verified potent immune responses, including macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, and T lymphocyte activation. In vivo B16F10 and TC-1 cancer model were used to investigate efficient tumor growth suppression. Liposomal vaccines with neopeptides could stimulate human dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in vitro. These results demonstrate that the "prime and boost" strategy provides simple, quick, and efficient personalized vaccines for cancer therapy.Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.