实体癌症在研究方面仍然是一个重要的健康挑战，这不仅是因为它们的结构和组织，而且还因为存在于肿瘤之间和同一肿瘤内的分子和基因变异。当考虑到癌症相关细胞、血管系统以及身体的免疫反应（或缺失）时，用于解决这种疾病的武器必须是多样化和精细的。开发针对肿瘤的基因治疗，有助于为癌症已经建立的多样化攻击线提供新的途径，可以潜在地克服这些策略所遇到的某些障碍，例如化疗治疗中缺乏肿瘤选择性。鉴于胰腺癌的高死亡率和复发率，包括基因治疗在内的新疗法正在积极开展研究。尽管目前没有针对胰腺癌的基因治疗上市，但是已经有相当数量的临床试验正在进行中，特别是在当前处于招募或者已经完成的阶段。

Solid cancers remain a major health challenge in terms of research, not only due to their structure and organization but also in the molecular and genetic variations present between tumors as well as within the same tumor. When adding on the tumor microenvironment with cancer-associated cells, vasculature, and the body's immune response (or lack of), the weapons used to tackle this disease must also be diverse and intricate. Developing gene-based therapies against tumors contributes to the diverse lines of attack already established for cancers and can potentially overcome certain obstacles encountered with these strategies, the lack of tumor selectivity with chemotherapies, for example. Given the high mortality and relapse rate associated with pancreatic cancer, novel treatments, including gene therapy, are actively being investigated. Even though no gene therapy for pancreatic cancer is currently on the market, a significant amount of clinical trials are underway, especially in active and recruiting or recently completed phases.