目前的癌症免疫疗法主要基于αβ T细胞，在MHC介导的肿瘤富集肽段或独特新抗原的呈递上严格依赖，这可能会限制它们的功效和适用性。在经过二十年的临床前研究和涉及极少量患者的初步临床研究后，γδ T细胞现在被探索作为一种可行和有前途的癌症免疫疗法。 γδ T细胞的独特特征，包括它们的组织趋向性，与新抗原负担无关和传统MHC依赖的抗原呈递无关的抗肿瘤活性以及典型T细胞和自然杀伤细胞特性的结合，使它们在多种癌症情况下成为非常有吸引力的效应器。在本文中，我们将重点介绍人γδ T细胞亚群的抗肿瘤免疫主要功能，特别强调Vδ1 +和Vδ2 +γδ T细胞之间的差异，以讨论它们在癌症患者中的预后价值和正在开发的关键治疗策略，以尝试改善这些患者的预后。 © 2023. Springer Nature Limited.

Current cancer immunotherapies are primarily predicated on αβ T cells, with a stringent dependence on MHC-mediated presentation of tumour-enriched peptides or unique neoantigens that can limit their efficacy and applicability in various contexts. After two decades of preclinical research and preliminary clinical studies involving very small numbers of patients, γδ T cells are now being explored as a viable and promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their tissue tropisms, antitumour activity that is independent of neoantigen burden and conventional MHC-dependent antigen presentation, and combination of typical properties of T cells and natural killer cells, make them very appealing effectors in multiple cancer settings. Herein, we review the main functions of γδ T cells in antitumour immunity, focusing on human γδ T cell subsets, with a particular emphasis on the differences between Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδ T cells, to discuss their prognostic value in patients with cancer and the key therapeutic strategies that are being developed in an attempt to improve the outcomes of these patients.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.