当前和正在发展的肥大细胞治疗依赖于小分子药物和生物制品，但少数药物确实对肥大细胞具有真正的选择性。大多数药物存在细胞和特定疾病的限制，需要创新以克服长期以来对有选择性地靶向和调节肥大细胞行为的挑战。本综述旨在作为参考框架，介绍利用纳米技术或结合不同药物来增加肥大细胞选择性和治疗效果的新方法。肥大细胞疾病包括过敏和相关疾病以及恶性肿瘤。在这里，我们讨论用于治疗这些疾病病理的现有和正在发展的疗法的目标，将它们分类为细胞表面、细胞内和细胞外类别。针对每个讨论的目标，我们讨论目前的标准疗法、正在开发中的药物或具有潜在使用指示的药物。最后，我们讨论如何利用新颖的技术和工具将现有治疗方法提升至更高的选择性和效力水平，以对抗肥大细胞。在过敏和恶性疾病中，存在着广泛和极少有选择性的肥大细胞治疗方法。将现有的靶向策略与纳米颗粒等技术相结合，将提供新颖的平台，更有选择性地治疗肥大细胞疾病。

Current and developing mast cell therapeutics are reliant on small molecule drugs and biologics, but few are truly selective for mast cells. Most have cellular and disease-specific limitations that require innovation to overcome longstanding challenges to selectively targeting and modulating mast cell behavior. This review is designed to serve as a frame of reference for new approaches that utilize nanotechnology or combine different drugs to increase mast cell selectivity and therapeutic efficacy.Mast cell diseases include allergy and related conditions as well as malignancies. Here, we discuss the targets of existing and developing therapies used to treat these disease pathologies, classifying them into cell surface, intracellular, and extracellular categories. For each target discussed, we discuss drugs that are either the current standard of care, under development, or have indications for potential use. Finally, we discuss how novel technologies and tools can be used to take existing therapeutics to a new level of selectivity and potency against mast cells.There are many broadly and very few selectively targeted therapeutics for mast cells in allergy and malignant disease. Combining existing targeting strategies with technology like nanoparticles will provide novel platforms to treat mast cell disease more selectively.