长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在维护组织形态和功能方面发挥着重要作用，它们的精确调控效力与表达模式密切相关。然而，人类lncRNA的空间表达模式尚未得到充分描述。在此，我们构建了涵盖正常和疾病状态下数千个主要组织样本的人类lncRNA的五个全面转录组图谱。lncRNA转录组在同一组织中的资源之间表现出高度的一致性，并在专门的组织中表现出更高的复杂性。在每个资源中都鉴定出了组织升高（TE）lncRNA，并通过综合分析改进了强韧的TE lncRNA。我们在各种组织中检测到了1到4684个强韧的TE lncRNA；最高的数量在睾丸组织，其次是大脑组织。对TE lncRNA的功能分析显示其在相应的组织相关通路中扮演着重要的角色。此外，我们发现强韧的TE lncRNA的表达特征使其成为区分组织有效的生物标志物；TE lncRNA也倾向于与癌症相关，并呈现出差异表达或与患者生存相关。总之，lncRNA的空间分类是阐明lncRNA在维护组织形态和进展组织受限疾病方面功能的起点。

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in maintaining tissue morphology and functions, and their precise regulatory effectiveness is closely related to expression patterns. However, the spatial expression patterns of lncRNAs in humans are poorly characterized. Here, we constructed five comprehensive transcriptomic atlases of human lncRNAs covering thousands of major tissue samples in normal and disease states. The lncRNA transcriptomes exhibited high consistency within the same tissues across resources, and even higher complexity in specialized tissues. Tissue-elevated (TE) lncRNAs were identified in each resource and robust TE lncRNAs were refined by integrative analysis. We detected 1 to 4684 robust TE lncRNAs across tissues; the highest number was in testis tissue, followed by brain tissue. Functional analyses of TE lncRNAs indicated important roles in corresponding tissue-related pathways. Moreover, we found that the expression features of robust TE lncRNAs made them be effective biomarkers to distinguish tissues; TE lncRNAs also tended to be associated with cancer, and exhibited differential expression or were correlated with patient survival. In summary, spatial classification of lncRNAs is the starting point for elucidating the function of lncRNAs in both maintenance of tissue morphology and progress of tissue-constricted diseases.