人类多能干细胞可以分化成代表中枢神经系统的细胞类型。在特定的培养条件下，这些细胞可以诱导自组织成类似于发育中的大脑的三维器官。微胶质细胞是脑中的居民免疫细胞，但来源于不同于神经细胞的祖细胞系，这对于模拟神经免疫相互作用是一个挑战。虽然可以从多能干细胞分化出类似人类微胶质细胞，但重要的考虑因素包括确保微胶质细胞的身份，这可能会受到祖细胞系和本地环境的影响，并且开发促进不同细胞类型在生理相关模型中的集成和生存的培养方法。最近，已经展示了几种生成具有整合微胶质细胞的神经器官的策略，并为了解神经元和微胶质细胞在发育期间以及对伤害和疾病的响应中的相互作用提供了新的机会。 版权所有 © 2022. Elsevier Ltd. 发布

Human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cell types that are representative of the central nervous system. Under specific culture conditions, these cells can be induced to self-organize into 3D organoids that are reminiscent of the developing brain. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain but are derived from a different lineage than neural cells, which presents a challenge to modeling neuroimmune interactions. Although human microglia-like cells can be differentiated from pluripotent stem cells, important considerations include ensuring the identity of microglia, which can be influenced by both the lineage and the local environment, and developing culture methods that promote the integration and survival of diverse cell types in a physiologically relevant model. Recently, several strategies to generate neural organoids with integrated microglia have been demonstrated and provide new opportunities to interrogate interactions among microglia and neurons during development and in response to injury and disease.Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.