这篇叙述性综述的目标是报告和总结完成的儿科免疫治疗临床试验，针对中枢神经系统原发性肿瘤。儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤是0至14岁儿童中最常见的儿科实体癌症和导致癌症死亡的主要原因。一些儿童脑肿瘤的存活率有所提高，但是尽管治疗有所进展，仍有大量儿童脑肿瘤具有不良的生存结局。癌症免疫治疗是一个不断发展的领域，在历史上对治疗反应不佳的儿童脑肿瘤的治疗上显示出有希望的疗效。这篇叙述性综述提供了一个关于免疫治疗治疗儿童脑肿瘤的已发表文献的总结和讨论。通过搜索MEDLINE via PubMed、Embase和Scopus via Elsevier，使用了一组关键字和主题词，包括免疫疗法、儿科和脑肿瘤。分析中包括使用任何免疫疗法干预半数及以上患有原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的儿童患者（<18岁）的已完成临床研究。排除了会议摘要以及未包括完成安全性或主要结局结果的研究。搜索结果返回了1,494篇文章。筛选标题和摘要，得到180篇文章的全文评估。在180篇文章中，有18篇被纳入分析。在对参考文献进行查看和包括新发表文章后，最终又包括了另外两篇文章，总共包括20篇文章。免疫疗法包括树突状细胞疫苗、溶瘤病毒治疗/病毒免疫疗法、嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法、肽疫苗、免疫调节剂等。在这篇综述中，突出了20篇已发表的文章，这些文章使用免疫疗法治疗原发性儿科脑肿瘤。迄今为止，大多数使用免疫疗法的研究都是I期和试点研究，主要关注确定安全性、最大耐受剂量和毒性，同时监测生存终点。随着已建立的疗效和毒性资料，未来的试验可能会进一步了解对于患有原发性脑肿瘤的儿童患者的整体生存和生活质量的益处。2022 Translational Pediatrics 版权所有。

The goal of this narrative review is to report and summarize the completed pediatric immunotherapy clinical trials for primary CNS tumors. Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common cause of pediatric solid cancer in children aged 0 to 14 years and the leading cause of cancer mortality. Survival rates for some pediatric brain tumors have improved, however, there remains a large portion of pediatric brain tumors with poor survival outcomes despite advances in treatment. Cancer immunotherapy is a growing field that has shown promise in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors that have historically shown a poor response to treatment. This narrative review provides a summary and discussion of the published literature focused on treating pediatric brain tumors with immunotherapy.MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and Scopus via Elsevier were searched. The search utilized a combination of keywords and subject headings to include pediatrics, brain tumors, and immunotherapies. Manuscripts included in the analysis included completed clinical studies using any immunotherapy intervention with a patient population that consisted of at least half pediatric patients (<18 years) with primary CNS tumors. Conference abstracts were excluded as well as studies that did not include completed safety or primary outcome results.Search results returned 1,494 articles. Screening titles and abstracts resulted in 180 articles for full text review. Of the 180 articles, 18 were included for analysis. Another two articles were ultimately included after review of references and inclusion of newly published articles, for a total of 20 included articles. Immunotherapies included dendritic cell vaccines, oncolytic virotherapy/viral immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, peptide vaccines, immunomodulatory agents, and others.In this review, 20 published articles were highlighted which use immunotherapy in the treatment of primary pediatric brain tumors. To date, most of the studies published utilizing immunotherapy were phase I and pilot studies focused primarily on establishing safety and maximum dose-tolerance and toxicity while monitoring survival endpoints. With established efficacy and toxicity profiles, future trials may progress to further understanding the overall survival and quality of life benefits to pediatric patients with primary brain tumors.2022 Translational Pediatrics. All rights reserved.