遗传和生活方式因素与癌症风险有关。我们利用来自英国生物银行的数据，研究了遵守世界癌症研究基金会（WCRF）的生活方式建议对13种癌症风险的潜在益处以及这些关联是否根据遗传风险而有所不同。在2006-2010年，年龄在37-73岁之间的参与者接受了生活方式评估，并一直跟踪到2015-2019年发病为止。分析仅限于无恶性癌症历史的白人欧洲人种（n = 195822）。为13种癌症类型及这些癌症的组合（“总体癌症”）计算了多基因风险评分（PRSs），并从WCRF建议中计算了生活方式指数。使用Cox回归估计与癌症发病率的关联，并调整相关混杂因素。评估生活方式指数和PRS之间的加性和乘性交互。在1,926,987人年的随访期间（中位数随访时间 = 10.2年），共发生15,240例癌症。在调整混杂因素后，生活方式指数与总体癌症风险 [标准偏差增加的危险比（95％CI）= 0.89（0.87,0.90）] 和八种特定癌症类型的风险都有关联。在乘法比例方面没有交互作用的证据。在乙状结肠癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、肺癌和膀胱癌的风险中存在加性交互作用，因此对于遗传风险较高的人而言，建议的生活方式与绝对风险的差异更大（所有P值 <0.0003）。建议的生活方式与大多数癌症有益的关联。在绝对风险方面，对于某些癌症而言，对于高遗传风险组，保护性关联更为显著。这些发现对于那些最具遗传倾向性的人和有针对性的癌症预防策略具有重要意义。 ©作者2023年。由牛津大学出版社代表国际流行病学协会出版。

Genetic and lifestyle factors are associated with cancer risk. We investigated the benefits of adhering to lifestyle advice by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) with the risk of 13 types of cancer and whether these associations differ according to genetic risk using data from the UK Biobank.In 2006-2010, participants aged 37-73 years had their lifestyle assessed and were followed up for incident cancers until 2015-2019. Analyses were restricted to those of White European ancestry with no prior history of malignant cancer (n = 195 822). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were computed for 13 cancer types and these cancers combined ('overall cancer'), and a lifestyle index was calculated from WCRF recommendations. Associations with cancer incidence were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for relevant confounders. Additive and multiplicative interactions between lifestyle index and PRSs were assessed.There were 15 240 incident cancers during the 1 926 987 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up = 10.2 years). After adjusting for confounders, the lifestyle index was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer [hazard ratio per standard deviation increase (95% CI) = 0.89 (0.87, 0.90)] and of eight specific cancer types. There was no evidence of interactions on the multiplicative scale. There was evidence of additive interactions in risks for colorectal, breast, pancreatic, lung and bladder cancers, such that the recommended lifestyle was associated with greater change in absolute risk for persons at higher genetic risk (P < 0.0003 for all).The recommended lifestyle has beneficial associations with most cancers. In terms of absolute risk, the protective association is greater for higher genetic risk groups for some cancers. These findings have important implications for persons most genetically predisposed to those cancers and for targeted strategies for cancer prevention.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.