这篇文章的目的是提供关于纳米颗粒组织分布的定量洞见。从文献中收集了小鼠血浆、肿瘤和13种不同组织中纳米颗粒的药动学数据。共分析了2018组数据，并使用纳米颗粒分布系数（NBC）定量表征石墨烯氧化物、脂质、聚合物、硅、氧化铁和金纳米颗粒在不同组织中的生物分布。观察到通常经静注后大多数纳米颗粒集中在肝脏（NBC=17.56%ID/g）和脾脏（NBC=12.1%ID/g）中，而其他组织收到的小于5%ID/g。发现肾脏、肺、心脏、骨骼、脑、胃、肠、胰腺、皮肤、肌肉和肿瘤的NBC值分别为3.1%ID/g、2.8%ID/g、1.8%ID/g、0.9%ID/g、0.3%ID/g、1.2%ID/g、1.8%ID/g、1.2%ID/g、1.0%ID/g、0.6%ID/g和3.4%ID/g。在某些器官（如肝脏、脾脏和肺部）中观察到纳米颗粒分布的显著变异性。这种变异性的大部分可以通过考虑纳米颗粒理化特性（如大小和材料）的差异来解释。文中还提供了已发表的纳米颗粒生理药动学（PBPK）模型的关键概述，并讨论了我们目前对纳米颗粒体外和体内药动学知识的限制，这些限制制约了强健的PBPK模型的发展。假设强健的纳米颗粒全身药动学定量评估和可以预测其布局的数学模型的发展可以改善成功临床转化这些模态的可能性。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier B.V.发布。

The objective of this manuscript is to provide quantitative insights into the tissue distribution of nanoparticles. Published pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in plasma, tumor and 13 different tissues of mice were collected from literature. A total of 2018 datasets were analyzed and biodistribution of graphene oxide, lipid, polymeric, silica, iron oxide and gold nanoparticles in different tissues was quantitatively characterized using Nanoparticle Biodistribution Coefficients (NBC). It was observed that typically after intravenous administration most of the nanoparticles are accumulated in the liver (NBC = 17.56 %ID/g) and spleen (NBC = 12.1 %ID/g), while other tissues received less than 5 %ID/g. NBC values for kidney, lungs, heart, bones, brain, stomach, intestine, pancreas, skin, muscle and tumor were found to be 3.1 %ID/g, 2.8 %ID/g, 1.8 %ID/g, 0.9 %ID/g, 0.3 %ID/g, 1.2 %ID/g, 1.8 %ID/g, 1.2 %ID/g, 1.0 %ID/g, 0.6 %ID/g and 3.4 %ID/g, respectively. Significant variability in nanoparticle distribution was observed in certain organs such as liver, spleen and lungs. A large fraction of this variability could be explained by accounting for the differences in nanoparticle physicochemical properties such as size and material. A critical overview of published nanoparticle physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models is provided, and limitations in our current knowledge about in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles that restrict the development of robust PBPK models is also discussed. It is hypothesized that robust quantitative assessment of whole-body pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles and development of mathematical models that can predict their disposition can improve the probability of successful clinical translation of these modalities.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.