欧洲联合计划HBM4EU协调和推进欧洲的人类生物监测（HBM），以提供基于科学的证据支持化学政策制定和改善化学管理。在HBM4EU倡议下，优先选择了砷（As）作为重点物质，需要回答一些公开、有关政策的问题，如暴露情况的状态。在十几岁少年的尿液样本中测量的无机砷（iAs），以毒性相关砷（TRA）的形式（As(III)、As(V)、MMA、 DMA的总和）在不同采样点（BEA（西班牙）>瑞典Riksmaten青少年，法国ESTEBAN>FLEHS IV（比利时），斯洛文尼亚SLO CRP）上有所不同，其几何平均值在3.84至8.47 μg/L之间。TRA与TRA+砷代甘氨酸的比值或TRA与总砷的比值在0.22至0.49之间变化。TRA的主要暴露因素是大米和海鲜的消费。当所有研究结合在一起进行皮尔逊相关性分析时，所有考虑的As物种之间都有显着的相关性。随着砷代甘氨酸浓度的增加，DMA的浓度（TRA的数量上占主导地位）也会增加，这是通过食物（例如海鲜）摄入的有机As摄入的标志物，表明DMA的其他来源除了无机As代谢之外还存在，例如直接摄入DMA或通过摄入砷糖或脂质。鉴于DMA（V）毒性较低，相对于iAs估算非源自iAs的DMA量或将TRA正常化为砷代甘氨酸摄入可能有助于估算iAs的暴露和风险。将尿液TRA浓度与先前推导出的非致癌效应生物监测等效值（BE）（6.4 μg/L）进行比较，清楚地显示出所有不同研究中的95%暴露值均超过了该BE。这与即使在较低的iAs水平下也不能排除癌症风险有关，表明欧洲普通大众可能存在健康问题。版权所有© 2023 The Authors. Elsevier GmbH.. 保留所有权利。

The European Joint Programme HBM4EU coordinated and advanced human biomonitoring (HBM) in Europe in order to provide science-based evidence for chemical policy development and improve chemical management. Arsenic (As) was selected as a priority substance under the HBM4EU initiative for which open, policy relevant questions like the status of exposure had to be answered. Internal exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), measured as Toxic Relevant Arsenic (TRA) (the sum of As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA) in urine samples of teenagers differed among the sampling sites (BEA (Spain) > Riksmaten adolescents (Sweden), ESTEBAN (France) > FLEHS IV (Belgium), SLO CRP (Slovenia)) with geometric means between 3.84 and 8.47 μg/L. The ratio TRA to TRA + arsenobetaine or the ratio TRA to total arsenic varied between 0.22 and 0.49. Main exposure determinants for TRA were the consumption of rice and seafood. When all studies were combined, Pearson correlation analysis showed significant associations between all considered As species. Higher concentrations of DMA, quantitatively a major constituent of TRA, were found with increasing arsenobetaine concentrations, a marker for organic As intake, e.g. through seafood, indicating that other sources of DMA than metabolism of inorganic As exist, e.g. direct intake of DMA or via the intake of arsenosugars or -lipids. Given the lower toxicity of DMA(V) versus iAs, estimating the amount of DMA not originating from iAs, or normalizing TRA for arsenobetaine intake could be useful for estimating iAs exposure and risk. Comparing urinary TRA concentrations with formerly derived biomonitoring equivalent (BE) for non-carcinogenic effects (6.4 μg/L) clearly shows that all 95th percentile exposure values in the different studies exceeded this BE. This together with the fact that cancer risk may not be excluded even at lower iAs levels, suggests a possible health concern for the general population of Europe.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.