传染性单核细胞增多症是一种病毒综合症，以发热、咽喉炎和颈部淋巴结后发性肿大为特征。通常由EB病毒引起，最常见于15岁至24岁的青少年和年轻成年人。主要通过与感染者的密切个人接触，尤其是他们的唾液传播。针对急性传染性单核细胞增多症的经济有效的初始实验室检测包括血液完整计数与分类（以评估超过40％的淋巴细胞和超过10％的非典型淋巴细胞）和快速的异嗜性抗体测试。异嗜性抗体测试具有87％的敏感性和91％的特异性，但幼儿和成年人出现疾病的第一周可能会产生假阴性结果。在异嗜性抗体试验结果为阴性情况下，肝酶升高可增加传染性单核细胞增多症的临床怀疑。与快速异嗜性抗体测试相比，EB病毒衣壳抗原-抗体测试更为敏感和特异，但成本更高且需要更长时间处理。传染性单核细胞增多症的治疗是支持性的；不推荐常规使用抗病毒药物和类固醇。当前的指南建议艾普斯坦-巴尔病毒感染者在出现症状后三周不参加运动。共同决策应用于确定返回活动的时间。免疫抑制群体更容易患上严重的疾病和显著的发病率。艾普斯坦-巴尔病毒感染与九种癌症有关，包括霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤和鼻咽癌，以及一些自身免疫疾病。

Infectious mononucleosis is a viral syndrome characterized by fever, pharyngitis, and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. It is usually caused by Epstein-Barr virus and most often affects adolescents and young adults 15 to 24 years of age. Primary transmission is through close personal contact with a person who is infected, particularly their saliva. Cost-effective, efficient initial laboratory testing for acute infectious mononucleosis includes complete blood count with differential (to assess for greater than 40% lymphocytes and greater than 10% atypical lymphocytes) and a rapid heterophile antibody test. The heterophile antibody test has a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 91% but can have a false-negative result in children younger than five years and in adults during the first week of illness. The presence of elevated liver enzymes increases clinical suspicion for infectious mononucleosis in the setting of a negative heterophile antibody test result. Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen-antibody testing is more sensitive and specific but more expensive and takes longer to process than the rapid heterophile antibody test. Treatment of infectious mononucleosis is supportive; routine use of antivirals and corticosteroids is not recommended. Current guidelines recommend that patients with infectious mononucleosis not participate in athletic activity for three weeks from onset of symptoms. Shared decision-making should be used to determine the timing of return to activity. Immunosuppressed populations are at higher risk of severe disease and significant morbidity. Epstein-Barr virus infection has been linked to nine types of cancer, including Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and some autoimmune diseases.