背景：利用大便免疫化学试验（FIT）筛查结直肠癌（CRC）已被广泛采用。抗血栓治疗在西方世界中的使用正在增加。本研究旨在评估抗血栓治疗对基于FIT的丹麦国家CRC筛查计划的影响。 方法：本研究是对所有在2014年至2016年间返回FIT的个体的横断面研究。使用比例和多元Poisson回归评估抗血栓治疗对FIT阳性率和阳性预测值（PPV）的影响。 结果：在884,036名受邀个体中，我们确定了551,570名参与者。在接受抗血栓治疗的77,007名个体中，有9052个人（11.8%）观察到FIT阳性，而在未接受治疗的474,587个体中有28,387人（6.0%）观察到FIT阳性。对于任何治疗，FIT阳性率的调整相对风险（RR）为1.59（95％CI 1.56-1.63）。非维生素K口服抗凝药（NOAC）与FIT阳性率增幅最大相关（调整RR为2.40，95％CI为2.48-2.54）。在接受抗血栓治疗的患者中，经结肠镜检查检测到的CRC比例略低（6.0％，95％CI为5.5％-6.6％），而治疗前未接受治疗的患者为6.4％（95％CI为6.1％-6.7％）。接受NOAC治疗的患者的CRC或高风险腺瘤的PPV降低了近二倍（调整RR为0.58，95％CI为0.51-0.66）。 结论：抗血栓治疗与FIT基础CRC筛查的PPV降低有关。 Thieme. 保留所有权利。

BACKGROUND : Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been widely adopted. The use of antithrombotic treatment is increasing in the Western world. This study aimed to assess the effects of antithrombotic treatment on the FIT-based Danish national screening program for CRC. METHODS : This was a cross-sectional study of all individuals returning a FIT from 2014 until 2016. The effect of antithrombotic treatment on FIT positivity and the positive predictive value (PPV) were assessed using proportions and multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS : Of 884 036 invited individuals, we identified 551 570 participants. A positive FIT was observed in 9052 of 77 007 individuals (11.8 %) receiving antithrombotic treatment compared with 28 387 of 474 587 individuals (6.0 %) receiving no treatment. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for a positive FIT was 1.59 (95 %CI 1.56-1.63) for any treatment. Nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were associated with the largest increase in FIT positivity (adjusted RR 2.40, 95 %CI 2.48-2.54). The proportion of CRC detected at colonoscopy was slightly lower among patients on antithrombotic treatment (6.0 %, 95 %CI 5.5 %-6.6 %) than among treatment-naïve patients (6.4 %, 95 %CI 6.1 %-6.7 %). The PPV for CRC or high risk adenomas was decreased nearly twofold in patients treated with NOAC (adjusted RR 0.58, 95 %CI 0.51-0.66]). CONCLUSION : Antithrombotic treatment was associated with a decreased PPV in FIT-based CRC screening.Thieme. All rights reserved.