过去几十年中，等离子体纳米颗粒及其组装体已被广泛应用于生物传感、光学成像和生物医学中。特别在放射治疗领域，具有高-Z等离子体纳米材料的物理化学特性赋予它们感应放疗的能力。与单个颗粒相比，可调谐性组装结构导致药物输送和癌症治疗的多功能应用。本文将重点关注等离子体纳米颗粒及其组装体在癌症放射治疗中的应用。首先简要介绍等离子体辐射增敏剂的感作机制。然后，根据结构和形状分类系统地讨论了近年来癌症放射治疗的进展。最后，详细讨论了该领域的当前挑战和未来展望。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V.。

Plasmonic nanoparticles and their assemblies have been widely used in biosensing, optical imaging, and biomedicine over the past few decades. Especially in the field of radiotherapy, the physicochemical properties of high-Z plasmonic nanomaterials endow them with the ability to sensitize radiotherapy. Compared with single particles, the assembled structure with tunable properties leads to versatile applications in drug delivery and cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on plasmonic nanoparticles and their assemblies for cancer radiotherapy. First, the sensitization mechanism of plasmonic radiosensitizers is briefly introduced. Subsequently, the recent progress in cancer radiotherapy is systematically discussed according to the structure and shape classification. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed in detail.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.