尽管细胞毒性治疗方案有所进展，但结直肠癌仍为死亡的主要原因。转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）患者在治疗方案改善和中位生存期延长的情况下，预后仍然不佳。单克隆抗体如西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗可以靶向表皮生长因子受体（EGFR），对于治疗转移性结直肠癌非常有效，经过多个治疗方案的多个Ⅲ期临床试验已被证实。研究发现抗EGFR单克隆抗体只对少数患者有效。KRAS和NRAS基因突变已被确定为抗药性的生物标志物。新的分子预测和预后标志已经在临床中使用。在KRAS突变的患者中，K-RAS突变是EGFR靶向治疗无效的第一个分子标志。验证预测和预后标志将改善癌症治疗。本文探讨能够预测结直肠癌预后的分子标志。版权所有©2023 Elsevier B.V。保留所有权利。

Despite advances in cytotoxic treatments, colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of death. Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients have a poor prognosis despite improved treatments and more prolonged median survival. Monoclonal antibodies like cetuximab and panitumumab target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). They play an essential role in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) due to their efficacy in multiple phase III clinical trials across multiple treatment lines. It was discovered that anti-EGFR moAbs were only effective for a small number of patients. Mutations in KRAS and NRAS have been identified as biomarkers of drug resistance. New molecular predictors and prognostic markers are used clinically. The K-Ras mutation is the first molecular marker of a lack of response to EGFR-targeted therapy in K-Ras-mutant patients. Validating predictive and prognostic markers will improve cancer treatments. This article examines molecular markers that can predict colorectal cancer prognosis.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.