睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCTs）是年轻成年男性中普遍发生的恶性肿瘤。已经提出多种遗传风险因素可能导致TGCT病理发生，但是它们有着独特的突变剖面，包括很低的体细胞点突变率、更频繁的染色体增益和染色体非整倍体性。在人类癌症中最常见的癌基因突变是RAS癌基因的突变，然而它们对睾丸癌发生以及难治性疾病的影响仍然不明。在这篇小型综述中，我们总结了当前对这种癌症中RAS信号通路关联基因（单核苷酸多态性和点突变）的遗传变异的了解，并重点强调了它们与化疗耐药机制的联系。我们还提到了表观遗传变化对TGCT进展的影响。最后，我们提出了一个RAS依赖的信号通路网络、调节、交叉影响和在TGCT中的结果模型。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier B.V.。保留所有权利。

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a common malignancy occurring in young adult men. The various genetic risk factors have been suggested to contribute to TGCT pathogenesis, however, they have a distinct mutational profile with a low rate of somatic point mutations, more frequent chromosomal gains, and aneuploidy. The most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers are RAS oncogenes, while their impact on testicular carcinogenesis and refractory disease is still poorly understood. In this mini-review, we summarize current knowledge on genetic alternations of RAS signaling-associated genes (the single nucleotide polymorphisms and point mutations) in this particular cancer type and highlight their link to chemotherapy resistance mechanisms. We also mention the impact of epigenetic changes on TGCT progression. Lastly, we propose a model for RAS-dependent signaling networks, regulation, cross-talks, and outcomes in TGCTs.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.