本研究旨在探讨表观扩散系数（ADC）值在扩散加权磁共振成像（DWI）中不同iating恶性和良性空洞性病变的诊断效率。本前瞻性研究收集了2020年至2022年间在我们诊所内进行胸部计算机断层扫描诊断出墙厚度≥5mm的肺空洞的连续45名患者，并在他们接受原始CT扫描后1周内进行胸部DWI。在病变最佳显示的轴向切片的腔壁上手动绘制感兴趣区域并进行DWI中的ADC测量。根据病理或临床放射学随访结果，将患者分为良性和恶性两组。样本包括29名（64.4％）男性患者和16名（35.6％）女性患者，平均年龄59.06±17.3岁。该研究中包括1名患者分别具有3个和3个空洞性病变的患者，样本共计50个空洞性病变。46％为恶性，54％为良性空洞性肺病变。恶性和良性空洞性病变的平均ADC值（× 10-3 mm² / s）分别为0.977±0.522（0.511至2.872）和1.383±0.370（0.930至2.213）。使用独立样本t检验对这些结果进行了统计学分析（P = 0.002）。恶性病变和良性病变的平均壁厚分别为12.47±5.51mm（5至25mm）和10.11±4.65mm（5至22mm）。虽然恶性空洞的平均壁厚高于良性空洞，但两者之间的差异在统计学上无显著性（P = 0.104）。DWI测量的ADC值在恶性和良性空洞性肺病变的鉴别诊断中具有重要意义。DWI作为一种非侵入性和快速的成像方法，可以为空洞性病变的鉴别诊断提供有用信息，并可以减少不必要的活检。版权所有©2023 Wolters Kluwer Health，Inc.。保留所有权利。

The present study investigates the diagnostic efficiency of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating between malignant and benign cavitary lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI).This prospective study included 45 consecutive patients identified with a cavitary lung lesion with a wall thickness of ≥5 mm on thoracic computed tomography in our clinic between 2020 and 2022, and who underwent thoracic DWI within 1 week of their original computed tomography. ADC measurements were made on DWI by drawing a region of interest manually from the cavity wall, away from the lung parenchyma in the axial section where the lesion was best demonstrated. The patients were then classified into benign and malignant groups based on the pathology or clinico-radiologic follow-up.The sample included 29 (64.4%) male and 16 (35.6%) female patients, with a mean age of 59.06±17.3 years. Included in the study were 1 patient with 3 and 3 patients with 2 cavitary lesions each, with a total for the sample of 50 cavitary lesions. There were 23 (46%) malignant and 27 (54%) benign cavitary lung lesions. The mean ADC value (×10-3 mm2/s) of the malignant and benign cavitary lesions was 0.977±0.522 (0.511 to 2.872) and 1.383±0.370 (0.930 to 2.213), respectively. The findings were statistically significant using an independent samples t test (P=0.002). The mean wall thickness of the malignant and benign lesions was 12.47±5.51 mm (5 to 25 mm) and 10.11±4.65 mm (5 to 22 mm), respectively. Although malignant cavities had a higher mean wall thickness than benign cavities, the difference was statistically insignificant (P=0.104).A significant difference was identified between the ADC values measured in DWI of the malignant and benign cavitary lung lesions. DWI, a noninvasive and rapid imaging method, can provide useful information for the differential diagnosis of cavitary lesions and can minimize unnecessary biopsies.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.