稀土系列中的稀土元素被认为是羟基磷灰石（HA）中阳离子钙离子取代的最佳选择之一，因为它们有利于取代HA的生物特性。通过湿沉淀法制备的HA中，钕和铈被用来取代了5%的钙离子。使用XRD、FTIR、EDS和FESEM对纯和取代的HA进行了表征测试。结果表明，将HA中的部分钙离子替换为Nd和Ce离子会改变其结构、组成和形态。在生物测试方面，细胞毒性试验显示出正常和癌细胞系的IC50值发生了变化，用稀土元素取代HA的钙离子部分比未取代的HA对抗肿瘤的活性有所增强；此外，HA和Nd-Ce/HA对细菌和真菌具有显著的抗菌和杀菌活性，Nd-Ce/HA对S.epidermidis和E.coli的抗菌活性比HA有所增强。这些发现可能揭示了Nd和Ce离子如何改善纯HA的生物特性，以及这些生物陶瓷材料的潜力增加。 Copyright © 2023 Suha Q. Al-Shahrabalee和Hussein Alaa Jaber.

Rare Earth elements in the lanthanide series are regarded as one of the finest options for the cationic substitution of calcium ions in hydroxyapatite (HA) because of their favorable impact on the biological characteristics of substituted HA. Neodymium and cerium were used to substitute 5% of calcium ions in HA, prepared via the wet precipitation method. Characterization tests for pure and substituted HA were conducted using XRD, FTIR, EDS, and FESEM. The results showed that changing part from calcium ions in hydroxyapatite to Nd and Ce ions altered its structure, composition, and morphology. Regarding the biological tests, the cytotoxicity test revealed a change in IC50 for both normal and cancer cell lines, where substitution part of the Ca ions with rare Earth elements led to increasing antitumor activity in comparison with HA without substitution; in addition, antibacterial and fungicide activity was evident for both HA and Nd-Ce/HA, with a modest increase in antibacterial activity of Nd-Ce/HA against S. epidermidis and E. coli in comparison with HA. These findings may shed light on the process by which Nd and Ce ions improve the biological characteristics of pure HA and the increased potential of these bioceramics.Copyright © 2023 Suha Q. Al-Shahrabalee and Hussein Alaa Jaber.