系统性抗癌化疗的使用固有受其毒性的限制。无论是处理小分子还是生物制剂，经过系统给药后，小剂量无法达到有效的肿瘤内浸润浓度，而高剂量具有明显的肿瘤抑制作用，也可能导致健康细胞的死亡，危及患者的生命。因此，基于药物输送系统（DDS）的策略已被设计用于避免系统毒性。由于DDS能够保护药物免于早期排泄和控制药物释放，DDS可以通过延长其循环时间或稳定地将药物释放到肿瘤部位，促进肿瘤暴露于抗癌治疗药物。然而，为临床使用定制DDS系统的批准仍很少，因为其安全性和体内活性仍需通过操纵其物理化学特性来改善。近年来，已经描述了多种策略来改善其安全性、稳定性和精细调节药物释放动力学。在本文中，我们回顾了主要的DDS，即聚合物共轭物、纳米或微粒、水凝胶和微针，探讨了用于长效抗癌治疗的最新修改和它们在不同抗癌疗法中的潜在优势。此外，还介绍了长效抗癌治疗的重要局限性和未来技术方向。版权所有©2023作者。Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

The use of systemic anticancer chemotherapy is intrinsically limited by its toxicity. Whether dealing with small molecules or biopharmaceuticals, after systemic administration, small doses fail to reach effective intratumoral concentrations, while high doses with significant tumor inhibition effects may also drive the death of healthy cells, endangering the patients. Therefore, strategies based on drug delivery systems (DDSs) for avoiding the systemic toxicity have been designed. Due to their ability to protect drugs from early elimination and control drug release, DDSs can foster tumor exposure to anticancer therapeutics by extending their circulation time or steadily releasing drugs into the tumor sites. However, approval of tailored DDSs systems for clinical use is minimal as the safety and the in vivo activity still need to be ameliorated by manipulating their physicochemical characteristics. During the last few years, several strategies have been described to improve their safety, stability, and fine-tune pharmaceuticals release kinetics. Herein, we reviewed the main DDSs, namely polymeric conjugates, nano or microparticles, hydrogels, and microneedles, explored for long-acting anticancer treatments, highlighting recently proposed modifications and their potential advantages for different anticancer therapies. Additionally, important limitations of long-acting anticancer therapies and future technology directions were also covered.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.