霉毒素（MYTs）是一类由食品和饲料中的丝状真菌产生的低分子量次生代谢产物，在全球范围内对人类健康和世界经济构成严重威胁。由于它们具有诱变、致畸、致癌和免疫抑制作用，国际癌症研究机构将各种MYTs分类为1到3类，其中黄曲霉毒素被指定为1类（对人类致癌）。此外，MYTs以微量存在于不同的食品基质中，需要探索高灵敏度的现场分析方法。虽然传统的色谱法非常敏感，但它们昂贵、繁琐，不能用于快速的现场分析。近年来，纳米材料，特别是基于碳的纳米材料（CNMs）在制造低成本和微型电化学和光学传感器方面的应用使得MYTs的快速现场分析具有了高灵敏度和特异性。此外，CNMs作为有效的固相萃取（SPE）吸附剂被用于食品中MYT分析的色谱法的灵敏度提高。本文旨在概述CNMs作为SPE吸附剂在色谱法的样品预处理中以及在制造高灵敏度电化学和光学传感器方面的应用的最新趋势。首先，讨论了近期开发的各种功能化CNMs在装填SPE柱和分散SPE吸收/纯化粉末中的吸附剂的效率。然后，总结了它们在开发各种电化学免疫传感器方面的应用，包括功能化碳纳米管/纳米纤维，氧化石墨烯，还原氧化石墨烯和石墨量子点。此外，比较和标表了CNMs在制造电化学和荧光适配子传感器以及一些其他色度法、荧光法、表面增强拉曼光谱和电化学传感器中的最新趋势。整体而言，本综述可以为碳基纳米材料分析MYTs提供研究更新，为确定未来方向打下基础。

Mycotoxins (MYTs), a class of low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi in food and feed, pose serious global threat to both human health and world economy. Due to their mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified various MYTs under Group 1 to 3 category with aflatoxins being designated under Group 1 category (carcinogenic to humans). Also, the presence of MYTs in trace amounts in diverse food matrices necessitates exploration of highly sensitive methods for onsite analysis. Although conventional chromatographic methods are highly sensitive, they are expensive, tedious and cannot be applied for rapid onsite analysis. In recent years the application of nanomaterials especially carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) in the fabrication of low-cost and miniaturized electrochemical and optical sensors has enabled rapid onsite analysis of MYTs with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the CNMs are employed as effective solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbents possessing high specific surface area for effective enrichment of MYTs to improve the sensitivity of chromatographic methods for MYT analysis in food. This article aims to overview the recent trends in the application of CNMs as SPE adsorbents for sample pretreatment in chromatographic methods as well as in the fabrication of highly sensitive electrochemical and optical sensors for rapid analysis of MYTs in food. Initially, the efficiency of various functionalized CNMs developed recently as adsorbent in packed SPE cartridges and dispersive SPE adsorbent/purification powder is discussed. Then, their application in the development of various electrochemical immunosensors involving functionalized carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots is summarized. In addition, the recent trends in the use of CNMs for fabrication of electrochemical and fluorescence aptasensors as well as some other colorimetry, fluorometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical based sensors are compared and tabulated. Collectively, this review article can provide a research update on analysis of MYTs by carbon-based nanomaterials paving a way for identifying future perspectives.