近年来，肿瘤免疫治疗取得了突破。然而，肿瘤免疫治疗，特别是抗PD-1 / PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂，在固体癌患者中仅对少数患者有效。如何提高癌症免疫治疗的效率是一个迫切需要解决的问题。众所周知，肿瘤微环境的状态是影响肿瘤免疫治疗有效性的重要因素，而肿瘤相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）在肿瘤微环境中近年来引起了广泛关注。作为肿瘤微环境的主要成分之一，CAFs通过分泌细胞因子和小囊泡来与癌细胞和免疫细胞相互作用，参与ECM重塑，最终影响免疫反应过程。随着对CAF异质性的深入研究，为寻找组合免疫治疗的靶点和预测免疫效力提供了新的策略。在本综述中，我们重点关注CAFs在实体癌免疫微环境中的作用，进一步阐述CAFs影响抗PD-1 / PD-L1免疫治疗的潜在机制和途径。此外，我们总结了与实体癌相关的CAFs靶点和标志物的潜在临床应用价值。 ©2023。作者。

In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, is effective in only a small percentage of patients in solid cancer. How to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy is an urgent problem to be solved. As we all know, the state of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an essential factor affecting the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy, and the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME have attracted much attention in recent years. As one of the main components of TME, CAFs interact with cancer cells and immune cells by secreting cytokines and vesicles, participating in ECM remodeling, and finally affecting the immune response process. With the in-depth study of CAFs heterogeneity, new strategies are provided for finding targets of combination immunotherapy and predicting immune efficacy. In this review, we focus on the role of CAFs in the solid cancer immune microenvironment, and then further elaborate on the potential mechanisms and pathways of CAFs influencing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. In addition, we summarize the potential clinical application value of CAFs-related targets and markers in solid cancers.© 2023. The Author(s).