在提供概述并强调副肿瘤神经病学障碍领域最新更新的同时，需要指出，副肿瘤神经病学障碍的患病率比之前报道的高，并且在抗体生物标志物时代，由于识别能力的提高，其发病率不断上升。更新的诊断标准已广泛包容且包含临床表现的诊断风险（高和中等）和诊断抗体（高、中和低）而取代了2004年的原始标准。抗体生物标志物仍在进一步研究中（例如，发现与患有脑干脑炎的男性睾丸癌患者相关的KLHL-11）。一些副肿瘤抗体还可以为治疗响应和预后提供参考。随着免疫检查点抑制剂成为癌症治疗药物，出现了新的免疫介导的不良反应，包括副肿瘤神经病学障碍。副肿瘤神经病学障碍治疗方法以癌症治疗和免疫治疗试验为中心。通过鉴定新的抗体生物标志物来推进副肿瘤神经病学障碍领域，这些生物标志物不仅具有诊断应用价值，还能为预测治疗效果和预后提供参考意见。 © 2023. The Author(s).

To provide an overview and highlight recent updates in the field of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders.The prevalence of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders is greater than previously reported and the incidence has been rising over time, due to improved recognition in the era of antibody biomarkers. Updated diagnostic criteria that are broadly inclusive and also contain diagnostic risk for clinical presentations (high and intermediate) and diagnostic antibodies (high, intermediate, and low) have replaced the original 2004 criteria. Antibody biomarkers continue to be characterized (e.g., KLHL-11 associated with seminoma in men with brainstem encephalitis). Some paraneoplastic antibodies also provide insight into likely immunotherapy response and prognosis. The rise of immune checkpoint inhibitors as cancer therapeutics has been associated with newly observed immune-mediated adverse effects including paraneoplastic neurological disorders. The therapeutic approach to paraneoplastic neurologic disorders is centered around cancer care and trials of immune therapy. The field of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders continues to be advanced by the identification of novel antibody biomarkers which have diagnostic utility, and give insight into likely treatment responses and outcomes.© 2023. The Author(s).