免疫生物学的最新进展为成功提升宿主免疫对乳腺癌的免疫力铺平了道路。在三阴性乳腺癌中，基于PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂的癌症免疫疗法与化疗相结合在3期临床试验的晚期和早期阶段均有效。这些鼓舞人心的结果为免疫检查点抑制剂在三阴性乳腺癌中的首批批准提供了新的治疗可能性，因此为侵袭性肿瘤和难以治疗的人群提供了新的治疗选择。此外，几项进行中的试验正在研究将包括免疫检查点抑制剂在内的免疫疗法与传统疗法以及其他免疫治疗策略，例如癌症疫苗、CAR-T 细胞、双特异性抗体和肿瘤溶解病毒结合在所有乳腺癌亚型中的治疗效果。该综述提供了当前在临床开发中的免疫疗法的概述和临床试验的最新关键结果。最后，我们讨论了成功实施免疫治疗以管理乳腺癌所面临的挑战以及这些挑战对未来临床试验设计的影响。© 2023. 作者。

Recent progress in immunobiology has led the way to successful host immunity enhancement against breast cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer, the combination of cancer immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy was effective both in advanced and early setting phase 3 clinical trials. These encouraging results lead to the first approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer and thus offer new therapeutic possibilities in aggressive tumors and hard-to-treat populations. Furthermore, several ongoing trials are investigating combining immunotherapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors with conventional therapies and as well as with other immunotherapeutic strategies such as cancer vaccines, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies, and oncolytic viruses in all breast cancer subtypes. This review provides an overview of immunotherapies currently under clinical development and updated key results from clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the challenges to the successful implementation of immune treatment in managing breast cancer and their implications for the design of future clinical trials.© 2023. The Author(s).