肿瘤产生的细胞外囊泡（EVs），也称为肿瘤来源的外泌体（TEX），已被证明在体外和体内诱导免疫细胞抑制。开发新的非侵入性生物标志物类别以精准肿瘤学仍然是一个未满足的需求，并且TEX成为一种有前途的液态肿瘤活检组件。TEX在监测癌症存在/进展和重编程抗肿瘤效应T细胞为具有促癌活性的EVs的制造者方面发挥关键作用。TEX是循环EVs的一个子集。通过免疫捕获从非恶性细胞产生的EVs中分离它们可以进行TEX表型/功能评估。TEX与CD3（+）T细胞相互作用会引起CD3（+）小型EV（sEV）的释放，它们的抑制蛋白可与TEX相似，并进一步促进癌症诱导的免疫抑制。虽然TEX重现了肿瘤细胞的基因/分子表型，但CD3（+）sEV可能充当“T细胞液体活检”。通过对TEX和CD3（+）sEV作为癌症生物标志物在体液中的作用的临床前探索，这些EV亚群似乎有望在不久的将来作为液体肿瘤活检的非侵入性组成部分。它们同时作为非侵入性液体肿瘤活检和T细胞活检的潜力仍需在未来的临床试验中进行验证。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by tumors, also called tumor-derived exosomes (TEX), have been implicated in inducing immune cell suppression in vitro and in vivo. The development of a novel category of noninvasive biomarkers for precision oncology remains an unmet need, and TEX emerge as a promising liquid tumor biopsy component.TEX play a critical role in monitoring cancer presence/progression and in reprograming of anti-tumor effector T cells to producers of EVs with pro-tumor activity. TEX are a subset of circulating EVs. Their separation by immune capture from EVs derived from nonmalignant cells allows for TEX phenotypic/functional assessments. TEX cross-talking with CD3(+) T cells induce the release of CD3(+) small EV (sEV), whose cargo of suppressor proteins resembles that of TEX and further contributes to cancer-induced immune suppression. While TEX recapitulate the genetic/molecular phenotype of tumor cells, CD3(+) sEV might serve as 'T cell liquid biopsy.'Preclinical explorations of the role in cancer body fluids of TEX and CD3(+) sEV as cancer biomarkers suggest that these EV subsets may qualify as liquid tumor biopsy noninvasive components in the near future. Their potential to simultaneously serve as noninvasive liquid tumor biopsy and T cell biopsy remains to be validated in future clinical trials.