免疫系统在自身免疫和癌症这两个免疫谱的相反端起着关键作用。自身免疫是由于T细胞对自身的耐受性丧失而引起的，而在癌症中，对转化后机体的免疫力不足，无法控制肿瘤生长。阻断保持自身耐受性的通路被用来释放对许多肿瘤的免疫力，但是，由于在治疗患者时出现类似自身免疫的毒性反应，广泛的成功受到了阻碍。从治疗自身免疫病获得的知识可以用来治疗患者的这些毒性反应。此外，了解T细胞在癌症中发生功能障碍的原因可以用来诱导自身免疫的T细胞产生类似的状态。在这里，我们回顾了关于自身免疫和癌症中T细胞反应的已知内容，并强调可以从这两种疾病的交集中学到的改善免疫疗法的应用、疗效和管理方面的方法。Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The immune system plays critical roles in both autoimmunity and cancer, diseases at opposite ends of the immune spectrum. Autoimmunity arises from loss of T cell tolerance against self, while in cancer, poor immunity against transformed self fails to control tumor growth. Blockade of pathways that preserve self-tolerance is being leveraged to unleash immunity against many tumors; however, widespread success is hindered by the autoimmune-like toxicities that arise in treated patients. Knowledge gained from the treatment of autoimmunity can be leveraged to treat these toxicities in patients. Further, the understanding of how T cell dysfunction arises in cancer can be leveraged to induce a similar state in autoreactive T cells. Here, we review what is known about the T cell response in autoimmunity and cancer and highlight ways in which we can learn from the nexus of these two diseases to improve the application, efficacy, and management of immunotherapies.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.