尽管非恶性疾病患者有与癌症患者类似的姑息治疗需求，但他们较少接受专科姑息治疗。肿瘤学家、心脏病学家和呼吸病学家的转诊实践可以提供这种差异的原因。我们通过调查（加拿大姑息治疗心脏病学/呼吸病学/肿瘤学调查）比较了心脏病学家、呼吸病学家和肿瘤学家向专科姑息治疗的转诊实践。对调查研究进行了描述性比较；对专业和转诊频率之间的关联进行了多元线性回归分析。2010年（肿瘤学家）和2018年（心脏病学家、呼吸病学家），我们向加拿大各地的医生发放了各自专业的调查问卷。调查的综合响应率为60.9%（1,568/2,574）：603位肿瘤学家，534位心脏病学家和431位呼吸病学家。认为专科姑息治疗服务的可用性对癌症患者比非癌症患者更高。肿瘤学家更可能为症状患者低于1年预后的患者转介到专科姑息护理。心脏病学家和呼吸病学家更可能为预后低于1个月的患者提供服务，并且如果姑息治疗被重新命名为支持性护理，则更早地进行转介。心脏病学家和呼吸病学家的转介频率低于肿瘤学家，调整人口统计学和专业特征（在两组中p <0.0001）。对于2018年的心脏病学家和呼吸病学家，认为专科姑息治疗服务的可用性更差，转介的时机更晚，转介的频率低于2010年的肿瘤学家。需要进一步研究原因的差异，以及制定干预措施来克服它们。 版权所有 © Elsevier Ltd. 2023年保留。

Although patients with non-malignant diseases have palliative care needs similar to those of cancer patients, they are less likely to receive specialist palliative care. Referral practices of oncologists, cardiologists, and respirologists could provide insight into reasons for this difference.We compared referral practices to specialist palliative care among cardiologists, respirologists, and oncologists, discerned from surveys (the Canadian Palliative Cardiology/Respirology/Oncology Surveys).Descriptive comparison of survey studies; multivariable linear regression analysis of association between specialty and referral frequency. Surveys for each specialty were disseminated to physicians across Canada in 2010 (oncologists) and 2018 (cardiologists, respirologists).The combined response rate of the surveys was 60.9% (1,568/2,574): 603 oncologists, 534 cardiologists, and 431 respirologists. Perceived availability of specialist palliative care services was higher for cancer than for non-cancer patients. Oncologists were more likely to make a referral to specialist palliative care for a symptomatic patient with a prognosis of <1 year. Cardiologists and respirologists were more likely to make a referral to services at a prognosis of <1 month; and to refer earlier if palliative care was renamed supportive care. Cardiologists and respirologists had a lower frequency of referral than oncologists, adjusting for demographic and professional characteristics (p<0.0001 in both groups).For cardiologists and respirologists in 2018, perceived availability of specialist palliative care services was poorer, timing of referral later, and frequency of referral lower than among oncologists in 2010. Further research is needed to identify reasons for differences in referral practices and to develop interventions to overcome them.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.