急性白血病(AL)是最致命的疾病之一。精确的AL分类可以显着提高其预后。然而，传统的AL分型方法通常需要细胞染色，这是耗时和劳动密集的。此外，它们的表现受到荧光标记的特异性和可用性的严重限制，这几乎无法满足临床设置中AL分型的要求。在这里，我们通过智能光学时延(OTS)成像流式细胞术在微流控芯片上进行AL分类。具体而言，我们采用OTS显微镜以无标记的方式以780纳米的空间分辨率在高流速1m/s下捕获临床骨髓样本中的细胞图像。然后，为了展示我们的方法对临床样本特征多样性的临床实用性，我们设计并构建了深度卷积神经网络(CNN)来分析细胞图像并确定每个样本的AL类型。我们测量了30个临床样本，包括7个急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)样本、17个急性髓性白血病(AML)样本和6个来自健康供体的样本，共获得了227620张图像。结果表明，我们的方法能够以95.03%的准确率区分ALL和AML，这是我们所知道的在无标记AL分类方面的记录。除了AL分类，我们认为我们的方法具有高通量、高精度和无标记操作的优点，可以成为科学研究和临床环境中细胞分析的潜在解决方案。

Acute leukemia (AL) is one of the top life-threatening diseases. Accurate typing of AL can significantly improve its prognosis. However, conventional methods for AL typing often require cell staining, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, their performance is highly limited by the specificity and availability of fluorescent labels, which can hardly meet the requirements of AL typing in clinical settings. Here, we demonstrate AL typing by intelligent optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging flow cytometry on a microfluidic chip. Specifically, we employ OTS microscopy to capture the images of cells in clinical bone marrow samples with a spatial resolution of 780 nm at a high flowing speed of 1 m s-1 in a label-free manner. Then, to show the clinical utility of our method for which the features of clinical samples are diverse, we design and construct a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze the cellular images and determine the AL type of each sample. We measure 30 clinical samples composed of 7 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) samples, 17 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) samples, and 6 samples from healthy donors, resulting in a total of 227 620 images acquired. Results show that our method can distinguish ALL and AML with an accuracy of 95.03%, which, to the best of our knowledge, is a record in label-free AL typing. In addition to AL typing, we believe that the high throughput, high accuracy, and label-free operation of our method make it a potential solution for cell analysis in scientific research and clinical settings.