在日益增多的认识中，各种妊娠并发症与晚年慢性病的发展之间存在着密切的关联。妊娠已被视为一种生理压力测试，因为它对女性身体施加的压力可能会暴露出患病的潜在倾向，而这些潜在的倾向在很多年里可能会一直隐藏不露。尽管数据越来越多，但医疗保健提供者对这些风险的认识仍然存在缺乏。我们进行了一项叙事文献综述，并总结了常见的妊娠并发症，包括妊娠高血压、先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病、胎盘早剥、自发性早产、死产和流产与随后发展的慢性疾病之间的关联。妊娠高血压、自发性早产、妊娠糖尿病、妊娠丧失和胎盘早剥都与各种心血管疾病的风险增加有关。妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫、早期流产和复发性流产与糖尿病的发病风险增加有关。先兆子痫、死胎和复发性流产与静脉血栓栓塞的风险增加有关。先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病和死胎与慢性肾脏病的风险增加有关。妊娠糖尿病与产后抑郁症有关，并且与甲状腺和胃癌的风险增加有关。死胎、流产和复发性流产与精神卫生障碍，包括抑郁症、焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍的风险增加有关。应该为所有女性提供妊娠并发症后的产后咨询和风险降低建议。需要进一步研究以确定妊娠并发症后心血管疾病和糖尿病筛查的最佳时间间隔。 © 2023作者。Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica由John Wiley＆Sons Ltd代表北欧产科妇科协会（NFOG）发表。

There has been increasing recognition of the association between various pregnancy complications and development of chronic disease in later life. Pregnancy has come to be regarded as a physiological stress test, as the strain it places on a woman's body may reveal underlying predispositions to disease that would otherwise remain hidden for many years. Despite the increasing body of data, there is a lack of awareness among healthcare providers surrounding these risks. We performed a narrative literature review and have summarized the associations between the common pregnancy complications including gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, spontaneous preterm birth, stillbirth and miscarriage and subsequent development of chronic disease. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, spontaneous preterm birth, gestational diabetes, pregnancy loss and placental abruption are all associated with increased risk of various forms of cardiovascular disease. Gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, early miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage are associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Pre-eclampsia, stillbirth and recurrent miscarriage are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and stillbirth are associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Gestational diabetes is associated with postnatal depression, and also with increased risk of thyroid and stomach cancers. Stillbirth, miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage are associated with increased risk of mental health disorders including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders. Counseling in the postnatal period following a complicated pregnancy, and advice regarding risk reduction should be available for all women. Further studies are required to establish optimal screening intervals for cardiovascular disease and diabetes following complicated pregnancy.© 2023 The Authors. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (NFOG).