肺癌是世界上导致死亡率最高的癌症之一。凋亡是调节细胞生长速率、增殖和肺癌发生的关键途径。这个过程由许多分子控制，例如微型RNA和它们的靶基因。因此，需要找到新的医学方法，例如探索与凋亡有关的诊断和预测生物标志物，来研究这种疾病。在本研究中，我们旨在确定关键的微型RNA和它们的靶基因，以用于肺癌的预后和诊断。 生物信息学分析和近期的临床研究确定了凋亡途径中所涉及的信号通路、基因和微型RNA。生物信息学分析在包括NCBI、TargetScan、UALCAN、UCSC、KEGG、miRPathDB和Enrichr在内的数据库上进行，而临床研究则从PubMed、Web of Science和SCOPUS数据库中提取。NF-κB、PI3K/AKT和MAPK通路在调节凋亡中起着关键作用。MiR-146b、146a、21、23a、135a、30a、202和181被确定为凋亡信号通路中所涉及的微型RNA，而IRAK1、TRAF6、Bcl-2、PTEN、Akt、PIK3、KRAS和MAPK1则分别被归类为这些微型RNA的靶基因。这些信号通路和miRNA/靶基因的重要作用通过数据库和临床研究得到了证实。此外，Survivin、Living、BRUC和XIAP是调节凋亡的主要抑制剂，它们通过调节涉及凋亡的基因和微型RNA进行作用。 确定miRNA和凋亡信号通路的异常表达和调节可以代表一种新的生物标志物类型，用于促进肺癌患者的早期诊断、个性化治疗和预测药物反应。因此，研究凋亡机制，包括信号通路、miRNA/靶基因和凋亡抑制剂，有利于找到最实用的方法并减少肺癌的病理表现。© 2023年。作者（们）。

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world and the deadliest of all cancers. Apoptosis is a key pathway in regulating the cell growth rate, proliferation, and occurrence of lung cancer. This process is controlled by many molecules, such as microRNAs and their target genes. Therefore, finding new medical approaches such as exploring diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers involved in apoptosis is needed for this disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify key microRNAs and their target genes that could be used in the prognosis and diagnosis of lung cancer.Signaling pathways, genes, and microRNAs involved in the apoptotic pathway were identified by bioinformatics analysis and recent clinical studies. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on databases including NCBI, TargetScan, UALCAN, UCSC, KEGG, miRPathDB, and Enrichr, and clinical studies were extracted from PubMed, web of science, and SCOPUS databases.NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK pathways play critical roles in the regulation of apoptosis. MiR-146b, 146a, 21, 23a, 135a, 30a, 202, and 181 were identified as the involved microRNAs in the apoptosis signaling pathway, and IRAK1, TRAF6, Bcl-2, PTEN, Akt, PIK3, KRAS, and MAPK1 were classified as the target genes of the mentioned microRNAs respectively. The essential roles of these signaling pathways and miRNAs/target genes were approved through both databases and clinical studies. Moreover, surviving, living, BRUCE, and XIAP was the main inhibitor of apoptosis which act by regulating the apoptosis-involved genes and miRNAs.Identifying the abnormal expression and regulation of miRNAs and signaling pathways in apoptosis of lung cancer can represent a novel class of biomarkers that can facilitate the early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prediction of drug response for lung cancer patients. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of apoptosis including signaling pathways, miRNAs/target genes, and the inhibitors of apoptosis are advantageous for finding the most practical approach and reducing the pathological demonstrations of lung cancer.© 2023. The Author(s).