成人生命中，包括免疫细胞在内的大多数血细胞谱系均来自骨髓中的造血干细胞（HSCs）。研究表明，HSCs需要特殊微环境（称为niches）来在骨髓中维持生长。然而，HSC细胞niches的身份一直是一个长期的争议话题。尽管迄今已提出了各种不同的候选人，但累积的研究表明，具有长突触程度的骨髓特定人群的成纤维样网织细胞（称为CXC趋化因子配体12丰富的网状细胞，与Leptin受体表达细胞强重叠），称为CAR/LepR +细胞，是HSC和淋巴样前体细胞niches的关键细胞组成部分。窦道内皮细胞（ECs）也对造血稳态和再生非常重要。造血受各种刺激（如炎症、感染和白血病）的动态改变，所有这些刺激均会影响细胞niche并改变其功能。因此，考虑到刺激通过直接交互或间接通过造血niche影响HSCs的情况非常重要。本综述描述了在稳态和疾病中细胞niche的动态，重点介绍了CAR/LepR +细胞和ECs。©2023作者。

Throughout adult life, most lineages of blood cells, including immune cells, are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. HSCs are thought to require special microenvironments, termed niches, for their maintenance in the bone marrow; however, the identity of the HSC cellular niche has been a subject of long-standing debate. Although diverse candidates have been proposed so far, accumulated studies demonstrate that the bone marrow-specific population of fibroblastic reticular cells with long processes, termed CXC chemokine ligand 12-abundant reticular cells (which overlap strongly with leptin receptor-expressing cells), termed CAR/LepR+ cells, are the pivotal cellular component of niches for HSCs and lymphoid progenitors. Sinusoidal endothelial cells (ECs) are also important for hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration. Hematopoiesis is altered dynamically by various stimuli such as inflammation, infection, and leukemia, all of which affect cellular niches and alter their function. Therefore, it is important to consider situations in which stimuli affect HSCs, either via direct interaction or indirectly via the hematopoietic niches. In this review, the dynamics of cellular niches in the steady state and disease are described, with a focus on CAR/LepR+ cells and ECs.© 2023. The Author(s).