为克服治疗恶性脑瘤的挑战，溶瘤病毒(OVs)代表了一种创新的治疗方法，具有独特的作用机制。最近溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒G47Δ作为治疗恶性脑瘤的药物获得有条件批准，标志着长期的神经肿瘤学OV开发历史上的重要里程碑。本着概述近期完成和活跃的临床研究结果，以研究不同OV类型在恶性胶质瘤患者中的安全性和疗效。OV试验设计的变化包括将受试对象扩大到初诊肿瘤和儿童人群。积极测试各种输送方法和新的给药途径，以优化肿瘤感染和整体疗效。提出了一些新的治疗策略，如与免疫疗法的结合，利用OV疗法作为免疫治疗的特点。OV的临床前研究一直很活跃，旨在将新的OV策略转化为临床应用。在未来十年内，临床试验以及临床前和转化研究将继续推动创新OV治疗恶性胶质瘤的发展，造福患者并定义新的OV生物标志物。

To overcome the challenge of treating malignant brain tumors, oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent an innovative therapeutic approach, featuring unique mechanisms of action. The recent conditional approval of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus G47Δ as a therapeutic for malignant brain tumors marked a significant milestone in the long history of OV development in neuro-oncology.This review summarizes the results of recently completed and active clinical studies that investigate the safety and efficacy of different OV types in patients with malignant gliomas. The changing landscape of the OV trial design includes expansion of subjects to newly diagnosed tumors and pediatric populations. A variety of delivery methods and new routes of administration are vigorously tested to optimize tumor infection and overall efficacy. New therapeutic strategies such as combination with immunotherapies are proposed that take advantage of the characteristics of OV therapy as an immunotherapy. Preclinical studies of OV have been active and aim to translate new OV strategies to the clinic.For the next decade, clinical trials, and preclinical and translational research will continue to drive the development of innovative OV treatments for malignant gliomas, and benefit patients and define new OV biomarkers.