癌症免疫疗法，特别是免疫检查点疗法，通过重新激活宿主免疫系统，彻底改变了治疗选择。然而，疗效因人而异，只有少数患者能持续产生抗肿瘤反应。因此，迫切需要阐明能够改善免疫检查点疗法临床结果的新策略。N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）已被证明是一种高效且动态的转录后修饰过程，参与众多RNA处理如剪接，运输，翻译和降解。强有力的证据强调了m6A修饰在免疫应答调节中的关键作用。这些发现可能为定向靶向m6A修饰和免疫检查点联合治疗奠定基础。在本综述中，我们总结了m6A修饰在RNA生物学中的现状，并强调m6A修饰调控免疫检查点分子的复杂机制的最新发现。此外，考虑到m6A修饰在抗肿瘤免疫中的关键作用，我们讨论了定向靶向m6A修饰，以提高癌症免疫检查点疗法疗效的临床意义。 ©2023 作者（们）。

Cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint therapy, has revolutionized therapeutic options by reactivating the host immune system. However, the efficacy varies, and only a small portion of patients develop sustained antitumor responses. Hence, illustrating novel strategies that improve the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint therapy is urgently needed. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been proved to be an efficient and dynamic posttranscriptional modification process. It is involved in numerous RNA processing, such as splicing, trafficking, translation and degradation. Compelling evidence emphasizes the paramount role of m6A modification in the regulation of immune response. These findings may provide a foundation for the rational combination of targeting m6A modification and immune checkpoints in cancer treatment. In the present review, we summarize the current landscape of m6A modification in RNA biology, and highlight the latest findings on the complex mechanisms by which m6A modification governs immune checkpoint molecules. Furthermore, given the critical role of m6A modification in antitumor immunity, we discuss the clinical significance of targeting m6A modification to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy for cancer control.© 2023. The Author(s).