在过去的十年里，通过在培养皿中研究人类肝脏学领域的方式已被现代的小型人类肝脏开创了新的局面。这些肝脏器官是由自我组织干细胞形成的，并在细胞含量、多细胞结构和功能特征上类似于其本来的亲属。肝器官可由肝组织或从皮肤活检、血细胞或尿中的肾上皮细胞生成的多能干细胞衍生而来。随着肝器官的发展，模拟人体肝脏的先前难题有望得到解决，从而有可能更好地模拟肝病，改进（个性化）药物测试，并推进生物工程选项。在本综述中，我们讨论了在人类肝病模型中生成和使用器官的策略，接着探讨了它们在药物开发和治疗方面的潜在应用，以及它们的优点和局限性。 版权所有 © 2023作者。 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 发布。

In the last decade, research into human hepatology has been revolutionized by the development of mini human livers in a dish. These liver organoids are formed by self-organizing stem cells and resemble their native counterparts in cellular content, multicellular architecture, and functional features. Liver organoids can be derived from liver tissue or pluripotent stem cells generated from skin biopsy, blood cells or renal epithelial cells present in urine. With the development of liver organoids, a large part of previous hurdles in modeling the human liver are likely to be solved, enabeling possibilities to better model liver disease, improve (personalized) drug testing and advance bioengineering options. In this review, we address strategies to generate and use organoids in human liver disease modeling, followed by a discussion of their potential application in drug development and therapeutics, as well as their strengths and limitations.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.