对一所三级医院进行玻璃体内抗真菌注射的回顾研究，以确定：1）患者就诊时增加真菌内眼炎发生率的危险因素；2）就诊时的预后因素；以及3）美国眼科学会（Academy）的眼科念珠菌败血症（念珠菌血症）筛选指南的有效性。单中心、回顾性病例对照临床研究。回顾了2014-2021年接受玻璃体内抗真菌注射的75名患者（81只眼）的临床病程、视力状况和最终诊断。将真菌内眼炎和临床表现相似的疾病（伪装病）之间的特征进行比较。基于在急诊科或住院时接受注射（p = 0.0002），而非在门诊接受注射，人工留置导管存在（p = 0.0004），过去6个月内出现脓毒症（p =0.0002），先前/目前的乙型肝炎诊断（p = 0.044），全静脉营养（p = 0.0028），复杂糖尿病（p = 0.035），正在接受治疗的癌症（p = 0.021），过去一年内接受免疫抑制药物（p = 0.035），免疫受损状态数量（p = 0.031），以及延迟疼痛（p = 0.0094）和视力丧失（p = 0.020）的发作，真菌内眼炎比伪装病更容易发生。就诊时的视力状况与视力预后相关（R2 = 0.3524，p = 8.5×10-7）。没有患有真菌内眼炎的患者无症状或通过筛查发现。许多疾病都可能模拟真菌内眼炎，但某些危险因素应引起怀疑。无论诊断如何，展现时的视力与最终视力相关。最后，没有患有真菌内眼炎的患者无症状或通过筛查发现，进一步支持目前的Academy念珠菌血症筛选指南。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

To review intravitreal antifungal injections performed at a tertiary center to determine: 1) risk factors increasing fungal endophthalmitis likelihood at time of patient presentation, 2) prognostic factors at presentation, and 3) validity of American Academy of Ophthalmology (Academy) ophthalmologic Candida septicemia (candidemia) screening guidelines.Single-center, retrospective clinical case-control study.Clinical course, visual outcome, and final diagnosis were reviewed for 75 patients (81 eyes) receiving intravitreal antifungal injections between 2014-2021. Features were compared between fungal endophthalmitis and clinically similar diseases (masquerades).Fungal endophthalmitis was more likely than masquerade based on injection in emergency department or inpatient setting (p = 0.0002) versus outpatient, greater visual acuity (p = 0.049), artificial indwelling line present (p = 0.0004), sepsis within past 6 months (p = 0.0002), prior/current hepatitis C diagnosis (p = 0.044), total parenteral nutrition (p = 0.0028), complicated diabetes mellitus (p = 0.035), actively treated cancer (p = 0.021), immunosuppressive medication within past year (p = 0.035), immunocompromising condition number (p = 0.031), and delayed pain (p = 0.0094) and vision loss (p = 0.020) onset. Visual acuity at presentation correlated with visual outcome (R2 = 0.3524, p = 8.5×10-7). No patients with fungal endophthalmitis were asymptomatic or identified by screening.Many conditions can mimic fungal endophthalmitis, but certain risk factors should raise its suspicion. Regardless of diagnosis, presenting vision correlates with final vision. Lastly, no patients with fungal endophthalmitis were asymptomatic or identified by screening, further supporting current Academy candidemia screening guidelines.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.