目标腋窝抽检（TAS）是一种新的手术概念，用于评估乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结状态。该概念被假设为比腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND）更有效地减少术后并发症，前提是能够准确检测到转移性腋窝淋巴结，不会漏检数据。然而，在长期随访期间的肿瘤学结果尚未得到充分的调查。本研究是一项回顾性分析，评估T1-3N1乳腺癌的10年肿瘤学结果。在我们的机构，于2008年至2013年间，230名患有cT1-3N1乳腺癌的女性患者接受了乳房和腋窝手术（ALND：171例，TAS：59例）。在应用TAS后，还进行了额外的腋窝放射治疗。评估了包括术后渗出液、淋巴水肿和10年肿瘤学结果等各种术后并发症，并在ALND组和TAS组之间进行了比较。虽然在10年随访期间，TAS组的总生存率更好，但肿瘤学结果包括局部循环复发、远处转移和总生存率均没有统计学显著差异（分别为0.395、0.818和0.555）。此外，ALND组同侧上肢淋巴水肿的发生率显著高于TAS组（p<0.001）。TAS的10年肿瘤学结果不亚于T1-3N1乳腺癌的传统ALND；然而，在ALND组中，淋巴水肿的发生率显著更高。© 2023. 外科肿瘤学协会。

Targeted axillary sampling (TAS) is a new surgical concept for the assessment of axillary lymph node status in breast cancer that is hypothesized to be more effective at minimizing postoperative morbidities than axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), provided the metastatic axillary lymph node can be accurately detected without missing data; however, the oncologic outcomes over long-term follow-up have not been sufficiently investigated. This was a retrospective analysis to evaluate the 10-year oncologic outcomes in T1-3N1 breast cancer after TAS.Between 2008 and 2013, 230 female patients with cT1-3N1 breast cancer underwent breast and axillary surgery (ALND, n = 171; TAS, n = 59) at our institute. After TAS was applied, additional axillary radiotherapy was performed. Various postoperative complications, including postoperative seroma, lymphedema, and 10-year oncological outcomes, were evaluated and compared between the ALND and TAS groups.Although overall survival during the 10-year follow-up period was better in the TAS group, there was no statistically significant difference in oncologic outcomes, including locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and overall survival (p = 0.395, 0.818, and 0.555, respectively). Furthermore, the incidence of lymphedema on the ipsilateral arm was significantly higher in the ALND group (p < 0.001).The 10-year oncological outcomes of TAS were not inferior to those of conventional ALND in T1-3N1 breast cancers; however, the incidence of lymphedema was significantly higher in the ALND group.© 2023. Society of Surgical Oncology.