尽管经历了几十年的临床试验和外科手术进步，最常见的高级别胶质母细胞瘤-胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）仍然是一种无法治愈的疾病，预后不良。由于其浸润性，GBM几乎总是在肿瘤细胞侵入周围脑实质的边缘或前沿处复发。GBM的这一区域是独特的，具有自己不同于肿瘤体块或核心的微环境。边缘的GBM微环境含有免疫抑制成分和侵袭性和耐药性肿瘤细胞，难以治疗。此外，在肿瘤浸润边缘，血脑屏障基本上保持完好，更限制了治疗的有效性。浸润边缘在管理这些肿瘤时对神经外科医生构成最大的挑战。目前，GBM肿瘤切除的主要范式主要集中在对肿瘤对比增强部分的切除上，而GBM远远超出了对比增强。浸润边缘代表着一个独特的挑战和机会，可以解决目前肿瘤治疗的限制。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了目前和正在发展的关于在GBM浸润边缘检测和治疗的进展，以及这如何影响患者的预后。

Despite decades of clinical trials and surgical advances, the most common high-grade glioma, glioblastoma (GBM), remains an incurable disease with a dismal prognosis. Because of its infiltrative nature, GBM almost always recurs at the margin, or leading edge, where tumor cells invade the surrounding brain parenchyma. This region of GBMs is unique, or heterogeneous, with its own microenvironment that is different from the tumor bulk or core. The GBM microenvironment at the margin contains immunosuppressive constituents as well as invasive and therapy-resistant tumor cells that are difficult to treat. In addition, the blood-brain barrier remains essentially intact at the infiltrative margin of tumors; further limiting the effectiveness of therapies. The invasive margin creates the greatest challenge for neurosurgeons when managing these tumors. The current paradigm of resection of GBM tumors mainly focuses on resection of the contrast-enhancing component of tumors, while GBMs extend well beyond the contrast enhancement. The infiltrative margin represents a unique challenge and opportunity for solutions that may overcome current limitations in tumor treatments. In this review of the current literature, the authors discuss the current and developing advances focused on the detection and treatment of GBM at the infiltrative margin and how this could impact patient outcomes.